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The Four Temperaments
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The Four Temperaments
5310124 The Four Temperaments; (add.info.: Woodblock engraving depicting the Four Temperaments: Choleric (with lion), Sanguine (with ape), Phlegmatic (with sheep), and Melancholy (with hog). Dated 16th century.); Universal History Archive/UIG
Media ID 38509128
© Universal History Archive/UIG / Bridgeman Images
Ancient Greek Ancient Greeks Hippocrates Medicinal Melancholy Personalities Personality Sanguine Theory Woodblock Antique Greece Choleric Phlegmatic
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This woodblock engraving from the 16th century depicts The Four Temperaments, a proto-psychological theory that dates back to ancient Greece. Each figure represents a different personality type: Choleric with a lion symbolizing aggression and assertiveness, Sanguine with an ape representing sociability and optimism, Phlegmatic with a sheep embodying calmness and passivity, and Melancholy with a hog signifying introspection and sadness.
The intricate details of this illustration showcase the artistry of the ancient Greeks as well as their deep understanding of human behavior. This theory was popularized by Hippocrates, the father of medicine, who believed that an imbalance in these four humors - blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile - could lead to various physical and mental health issues.
As we gaze upon this historical artwork, we are reminded of the enduring relevance of personality theories throughout history. The symbolism captured in each figure serves as a timeless reflection on the complexities of human nature. It is truly fascinating to see how our understanding of personalities has evolved over centuries while still retaining elements rooted in ancient wisdom.
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