1200s Collection (#3)

Albertus Magnus, German theologian
Albertus Magnus (1193-1280), German theologian, lecturing and holding a staff. Albertus was a Dominican friar and bishop who believed in the peaceful coexistence of science and religion

Psalter of Saint Elizabeth. 1200s. September. Festival of exaltation of Saint George. Romanesque art. Miniature Painting. ITALY. Cividale del Friuli. Archaeological Museum

Neath Abbey Night Stairs
The night stairs at Neath Abbey, Glamorganshire, Wales. The first Cistercian monks arrived from Normandy in 1130. The abbey was ravished by Welsh uprisings in the 1200s. Date: 12th century

Bloodletting, 12th century artwork
Bloodletting, coloured historical artwork. This woodcut is from the medical poem Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum (the Salernitan Rule of Health)

Map of diseases, 15th century diagram
Map of diseases. 15th century diagram with Latin text illustrating which diseases commonly afflict specific parts of the body

Roger Bacon, English natural philosopher
Roger Bacon (c.1214-1292), English natural philosopher and alchemist, in his tower observatory at his monastery in Oxford, England

Vincent of Beauvais, French encylopedist
Vincent of Beauvais (c.1190-1264), French encylopedist, reading to King Louis IX of France. Beauvais held the post of " reader" at the monastery of Royaumont, near Paris

Thomas Aquinas, Italian theologian
Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274), Italian theologian, philosopher and saint, holding a crucifix and a book. Saint Thomass teachings combined his own thoughts with those of previous scholars such as

Tintagel Head. Aerial photograph of Tintagel Head (left), an eroded headland on the north Atlantic Cornish coast. The settlement at left is the village of Tintagel

Constantine the leper. Medieval fresco titled " Constantine the Leper comforting women". This fresco is found in the Quattro Santo Coronati church, Rome, Italy

Peutinger table, historical map
Peutinger table. A section of the historic Peutinger table, which was a 13th century copy of a Roman map. Roads and cities are depicted but the work, which was cut into 12 sections

Cardiac treatise, 15th century
Cardiac treatise. Page on the heart, from a 15th-century French work titled Le Livre des Proprietes des Choses. This is a later edition of a work that was originally published as De proprietatibus

Roger Bacon, English philosopher
Roger Bacon, (c.1214-1292) English philosopher and alchemist. Bacon studied at Oxford and in Paris, and joined the Franciscan Order (c.1247) as a monk

Ramon Llull, Majorcan scholar
Ramon Llull (1232-1315), Majorcan scholar, alchemist and philosopher. Also known as Raymond Lull and the Enlightened Teacher (Illuminatus), Llull was the author of Ars magna (1305) among other works

Ramon Llull, Majorcan philosopher
Ramon Llull (1232-1315), Majorcan philosopher. Llull (right) is depicted with parents and a baby, symbolising he creation of the Philosophers Stone from the male and the female

Dante Alighieri, Italian poet
Dante Alighieri (1265-1321), Italian poet. Dante was born at Florence, and most likely educated at home where he found his love of poetry

Thomas Aquinas, Italian priest
Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274), Italian Dominican priest, theologian, philosopher and saint. Aquinass work on Scholasticism, the attempt to reconcile Christianity with Aristotelian philosophy

Saint Albertus Magnus, German philosopher
Saint Albertus Magnus (1193-1280), German philosopher. Albertus was born at Lauingen and educated at Padua where he studied Aristotle. In 1223 he became a Dominican and studied theology at Bologna

Leonardo Fibonacci, Italian mathematician
Leonardo Fibonacci statue. The Italian mathematician Leonardo Fibonacci (c.1170-c.1250) travelled widely throughout the Mediterranean world and studied under leading Arab mathematicians

FRANCE: STE. CHAPELLE. Lower Chapel, 13th century. Paris, France

ELEANOR OF AQUITAINE (c1122-1204). Queen of King Louis VII of France and of King Henry II of England. Late 12th century stone tomb effigy in the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire), France

VAISON-LA ROMAINE: CASTLE. Ruins of the 13th century feudal castle of the counts of Toulouse at Vaison-la-Romaine, Vaucluse, France

PROY2A-00178
John Lackland, King of England, who endorsed the Magna Carta in 1215. Hand-colored engraving of a portrait

Anasazi / Ancestral Puebloan architecture, Utah
Round and square towers of Anasazi/Ancestral Puebloan, Howenweep National Monument, Utah. Photograph

Anasazi / Ancestral Puebloan ruins at Howevweep, Utah
Anasazi/Ancestral Puebloan ruins at Howenweep National Monument, Utah, with Sleeping Ute Mountain in the background. Photograph

Souls called to the Last Judgment
Resurrection of the dead, and weighing of souls at the Last Judgement. Lithograph reproduction of a manuscript miniature of the 13th century

NATI2D-00311
Doorway of Casa Grande, the remains of an ancient Hohokam farming village in central Arizona. Digital photograph

NATI2D-00532
White House, ruins of an Anasazi/Ancestral Puebloan cliff-dwelling, Canyon de Chelly, Arizona. Digital photograph

NATI2D-00533
White House, ruins, of an Anasazi/Ancestral Puebloan cliff-dwelling, Canyon de Chelly, Arizona. Digital photograph

NATI2D-00537
White House, ruins of an Anasazi/Ancestral Puebloan cliff-dwelling, Canyon de Chelly, Arizona. Digital photograph

NATI2D-00536
White House, ruins of an Anasazi/Ancestral Puebloan cliff-dwelling, Canyon de Chelly, Arizona. Digital photograph

NATI2D-00549
A great kiva reconstructed at Aztec National Monument, an Anasazi/ Ancestral Puebloan village in New Mexico. Digital photograph

NATI2D-00547
Anasazi / Ancestral Puebloan ruins of a Chacoan outlier pueblo at Aztec National Monument, New Mexico. Digital photograph

NATI2D-00546
Anasazi / Ancestral Puebloan ruins of a Chacoan outlier pueblo at Aztec National Monument, New Mexico. Digital photograph

NATI2D-00545
Antelope House, an Anasazi/Ancestral Puebloan cliff-dwelling in Canyon de Chelly, Arizona. Digital photograph

Pueblo Bonito wall and former window, Chaco Canyon NM
Ruins of Pueblo Bonito, an Anasazi/Ancestral Puebloan site in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Digital photograph

Pueblo Bonito window, Chaco Canyon NM
Second-story window at Pueblo Bonito, an Anasazi/Ancestral Puebloan site in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Digital photograph

Pueblo Bonito windows, Chaco Canyon NM
Second-story windows at Pueblo Bonito, an Anasazi/Ancestral Puebloan site in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Digital photograph

Pueblo Bonito wall and vigas, Chaco Canyon NM
Masonry walls with remains of vigas at Pueblo Bonito, an Anasazi/Ancestral Puebloan site in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Digital photograph

Pueblo Bonito walls and windows, Chaco Canyon NM
Ruins of Pueblo Bonito, an Anasazi/Ancestral Puebloan site in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Digital photograph

Pueblo Bonito doorway, Chaco Canyon NM
Doorway inside Pueblo Bonito, an Anasazi/Ancestral Puebloan site in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Digital photograph

Pueblo Bonito doorways, Chaco Canyon NM
Doorways inside Pueblo Bonito, an Anasazi/Ancestral Puebloan site in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Digital photograph

NATI2D-00064
Kiva entrance ladder and keyhole doorways at Spruce House, Mesa Verde National Park, Anasazi/Ancestral Puebloan ruins, Colorado. Digital photograph

NATI2D-00259
Anasazi / Ancestral Puebloan ruins of Chetro Ketl village and central kiva in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Digital photograph

NATI2A-00053
Anasazi/Ancestral Puebloan cliff-dwellings and stone tower as people may have lived in the 1200s. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

Raid on cliff-dwellers in precolumbian America
Anasazi / Ancestral Puebloans under attack by other Native Americans in prehistoric times. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

PART2A-00013
Portrait of Giotto. 19th-century photograph of an etching

Europe at the time of the Crusades
Map of Europe during the Crusades, 1000 to 1200 AD. Printed color lithograph reproduction of a 19th-century illustration

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In the 1200s, a tumultuous era unfolded as Angevin kings held vast territories in both France and Britain. The power struggle between these monarchs shaped the course of history (EXPL2A-00352). Meanwhile, across Europe, remarkable advancements were being made. In the realm of medicine, Persian pharmacies flourished with their intricate knowledge and stunning artwork from the 13th century (GEUR2D-00005). Amidst political turmoil and scientific progress, tales of heroism emerged. One such story tells us about Haakon Haakonson who was brought to safety by the Birchlegs during this time (NATI2D-00054). These acts of bravery remind us that even in dark times, there is hope. On another continent, ancient civilizations thrived. The Anasazi or Ancestral Puebloans built impressive cliff-dwellings like Betatakin that still stand today as a testament to their ingenuity (Haakon Haakonson brought to safety by the Birchlegs, 1200s). Similarly, Casa Grande in Arizona showcases remnants of Hohokam ruins that offer glimpses into an ancient way of life. Yet amidst all these events unfolding around the world, one document would forever change governance - part of its preamble can be traced back to this period: The Magna Carta. This historic charter laid down principles that would shape modern democracy (Part of the Magna Carta preamble). As we delve deeper into history's tapestry woven during the 1200s (PASI2A-00001), we discover Chaco Canyon Anasazi ruins in New Mexico. These architectural marvels provide insights into complex societies thriving within arid landscapes (EXPL2A-00146).