1665 Collection (#10)

SPAIN: NAVAL COMBAT, 1665. Disembarkation and combat. Oil on canvas, 1665, by J. de Toledo

SPAIN: NAVAL COMBAT, 1665. Oil on canvas, 1665, by J. de Toledo

SPAIN: STAG HUNT, 1665. Men slaughtering deer in a makeshift runway, while women watch from a platform, at Aranjuez, near Madrid, Spain. Oil on canvas, 1665, by Juan Bautista Martinez del Mazo

HOOKEs MICROGRAPHIA. Title-page of the first edition of Robert Hookes Micrographia, London, 1665, an early landmark in microscopy containing the first illustration of cells

HOOKE: MICROGRAPHIA, 1665. Title page of the first edition of Robert Hookes Micrographia, London, 1665, an early landmark in microscopy containing the first illustration of cells

VICOMTE DE TURENNE (1611-1675). French soldier. Oil on canvas, c1665, by Charles Le Brun

MARIA THERESA OF SPAIN (1638-1683). Queen of Louis XIV of France, 1660-1683. Maria Theresa and her son the Dauphin, Louis of France. Painting by Pierre Mignard, c1665

EDWARD MONTAGU (1625-1672). First Earl of Sandwich. At the Battle of Southwold Bay, 1665, during the war with the Dutch, the Earl of Sandwich refuses to leave his flagship Royal James

MARY BEALE (1633-1699). Nee Cradock. English painter. Self-portrait, holding a portrait of her two sons, Bartholomew and Charles. Oil on canvas, c1665

ROBERT BOYLE (1627-1691). English chemist and physicist. Title page of the rare Latin translation, 1665, of Robert Boyles The Style of the Scriptures, the first of his devotional works

MURILLO: ANNUNCIATION. The Annunciation. Oil on canvas, Bartolome Esteban Murillo, c1665

PLAGUE OF LONDON, 1665. A London, England, street scene during the plague year of 1665. Contemporary woodcut

LONDON PLAGUE, 1665. Title-page, in the form of a gravestone, from Bills of Mortality, a printed report to King Charles II of England about the people who died of the plague from December 1664 to

Palace Of Westminster
Tugs and barges on the Thames by the Palace of Westminster and Big Ben, London, circa 1935. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

Robert Hookes Microscope
Full-size copy of Robert Hookes Compound Microscope - held at the Science Museum, London. Hooke, an English natural philosopher, architect and polymath (1635-1703) - author of Micrographia (1665)

The eyes and head of a grey drone-fly. Copper engraving from Robert Hookes Micrographia, London, 1665
HOOKE: MICROGRAPHIA. The eyes and head of a grey drone-fly. Copper engraving from Robert Hookes Micrographia, London, 1665

The structure of cork as viewed under a microscope when cut lengthwise (left) and crosswise
HOOKE: STRUCTURE OF CORK. The structure of cork as viewed under a microscope when cut lengthwise (left) and crosswise, showing the cellulae with walls bounding the cells - the first use of the word

A study of snowflakes, each different from the other, by English scientist, Robert Hooke
HOOKE: SNOWFLAKES, 1665. A study of snowflakes, each different from the other, by English scientist, Robert Hooke. Copper engraving from Hookes Micrographia, London, England, 1665

Line engraving from Hookes Micrographia, 1665
ROBERT HOOKEs MICROSCOPE. Line engraving from Hookes Micrographia, 1665

A flea, as seen by Robert Hooke with his microscope. Copper engraving from Hookes Micrographia, 1665
HOOKE: FLEA, 1665. A flea, as seen by Robert Hooke with his microscope. Copper engraving from Hookes Micrographia, 1665

Hookes compound microscope. Copper engraving from Hookes Micrographia, London, England, 1665
HOOKE: MICROSCOPE, 1665. Hookes compound microscope. Copper engraving from Hookes Micrographia, London, England, 1665

Blaize, the grocer Bloundels porter, testing all the patent cures he has purchased to protect himself from the plague. Plague of London - 1665

Amabel Bloundels body being carried from the Earl of Rochesters house into the dead cart for burial in the plague pit. Plague of London (1665)

Blaize, the grocers porter, buying plague antidotes, Plague of London, 1665. Illustration by John Franklin (active 1800-1861) for William Harrison Ainsworth Old Saint Paul s

Saint Pauls being used as a pest house during the Plague of London (1665). Illustration by John Franklin (active 1800-1861) for William Harrison Ainsworth Old Saint Paul s

Burying victims of the Plague of London (1665) at night in multiple graves. Two of men are smoking pipes, partly to combat stench of corpses

Song of the Plague: Chowles the coffin maker, top centre, drinking a toast to a long life for the plague so that he will become rich. Plague of London, 1665

Earl of Rochester and his dissolute friends staging a Dance of Death at Saint Paul s
Earl of Rochester and his dissolute friends staging a Dance of Death at Saint Pauls during the Plague of London (1665). Illustration by John Franklin (active 1800-1861)

Mike Macascree, the blind musician, terrifying Chowles and the death cart attendants when he comes round in the cart on the way to the plague pit, and begins to play. Plague of London, 1665

Solomon Eagle denouncing the City of London from the parapet of St. Paul s. Plague of London, 1665. Illustration by John Franklin (active 1800-1861) for William Harrison Ainsworth Old Saint Paul s

Circulation of water between sea and mountains. Blue-tinted flows are mountains to sea, black represents subterranean flows from sea to mountains. From Athanasius Kircher Mundus Subterraneous, 1665

Sectional view of Earth, showing central fire and volcanoes. From Athanasius Kircher Mundus Subterraneous, 1665

Design for Mozarts Don Giovanni, 1875. Opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791), Austrian composer, first performed in Prague in 1787

Design for Mozarts Don Giovanni, 1875. Opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791), Austrian composer, first performed in Prague in 1787

Representation of the tournament in the Court of Belvedere in the Vatican to celebrate the marriage of Count Annibale Altemps and Ortensia Borromeo, nephew and niece of Pope Pius IV, 5 March 1665

Gresham College London, 1739 engraving by George Vertue (1684-1765) From John Ward Lives of the Professors of Gresham College

Observations of Of several kinds of frozen figures showing frozen urine (1), snowflakes (2) and ice flakes (4, 5, & 6). From Robert Hooke Micrographia London 1665. Engraving

Hookes observations of cellular structure of cork (fig 1) and sprig of Sensible (Sensitive) plant (fig 2). First use of word cell to name honeycomb nature of cork

Hookes microscope with condenser for concentrating light: left to right above are his Barometer, Refractometer for measuring refractive power of liquids, and lens-grinding machine

Human Louse, a wingless parasitic insect. Engraving from Robert Hooke Micrographia London 1665. Now known to be vector for Epidemic typhus

The Flea. Engraving from Robert Hooke Micrographia London 1665. Wingless bloodsucking, parasitic insect. Human flea (Pulex irritans) can transmit plague

1: Underside of stinging nettle leaf 2: Beard of wild oat used in Hookes hygrometer. 3: Section of head of wild oat. 4: Hookes hygrometer. From Robert Hooke Micrographia London 1665. Engraving

Of the Eyes and Head of a Grey drone-Fly. Engraving from Micrographia by Robert Hooke (London)
Of the Eyes and Head of a Grey drone-Fly. Engraving from Micrographia by Robert Hooke (London, 1665). Hooke (1635-1703) English chemist

Consigning bodies of the plague to a communal grave in the plague pit - Plague of London, 1665. Nineteenth century illustration

Plague of London, 1665. Scenes of death and despair in a London street during the plague. Engraving of 1810

Johannes Vermeer (1632-1675), The Girl With the Red Hat, 1665

Robert Hooke (1635 - 1703) English scientist. Title page of a 1745 edition of his work Micrographia, detailing his observations through various lenses

Bills of mortality: Announcement of death through diseases in London in 1665 during the Great Plague

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"1665: A Year of Trials and Triumphs" In the year 1665, London faced a devastating plague that would forever be etched in history. Lord, have mercy on London, cried its inhabitants as they battled against the Great Plague. Contemporary English woodcuts depicted the horrors of this deadly epidemic, serving as a reminder of the resilience and strength of its people. Amidst these dark times, Andreas Cellarius' Atlas Coelestis illuminated the skies above with celestial beauty. This Dutch-German cartographer's work transported readers to another world, offering solace from the grim reality below. Meanwhile, Maria de Agreda penned her spiritual masterpiece in 1602. Her words provided comfort and guidance to those seeking solace during these trying times. Outwood Windmills stood tall amidst the chaos; their rotating blades symbolizing hope and perseverance. Cyclists whizzed past them, embodying resilience and determination as they pedaled through life's challenges. Mozart's opera Don Giovanni captivated audiences in 1787 but held echoes of an earlier era. Its scenes transported viewers back to a time when music served as an escape from turmoil—a testament to humanity's ability to find joy even in darkness. Saint John Of God offered his divine assistance throughout history; his Portuguese religious devotion inspiring countless souls during moments of despair. Andreas Cellarius' maps painted vivid pictures of far-off lands like Caribbean islands—an escape for dreamers who longed for adventure beyond their confined city walls. As we reflect on 1665, let us not forget the Black Death rat flea—the tiny creature responsible for such devastation—reminding us that even small things can wield great power if left unchecked. Finally, Mary Stewart emerged as a beacon of strength amidst adversity—a countess who defied societal expectations and blazed her own trail forward despite all odds stacked against her.