4th Century Bc Collection (#6)

The Darius Vase, found at Canosa, 1857. Creator: Unknown
The Darius Vase, found at Canosa, 1857. This exquisite work of antique art is of the form of the Apulian Amphora, and is the largest that has ever been discovered

Artemisia Building the Mausolaeum, early 1640s. Creator: Simon Vouet
Artemisia Building the Mausolaeum, early 1640s

The Wedding of Alexander and Roxana (?), 1678-1681. Creators: Arnold Houbraken, Gerard de Lairesse
The Wedding of Alexander and Roxana (?), 1678-1681

Darius Marching to the Battle of Issus, c.1450-c.1455. Creator: Workshop of Apollonio di Giovanni
Darius Marching to the Battle of Issus, c.1450-c.1455. Other Title(s): The Departure of Darius for the Battle of Issus

The Wedding of Alexander and Roxana, 1664. Creator: Gerard de Lairesse
The Wedding of Alexander and Roxana, 1664

Democritus, 1628. Creator: Hendrick ter Brugghen
Democritus, 1628

The Testament of Eudamidas, 1644-1648. Creator: Nicolas Poussin
The Testament of Eudamidas, 1644-1648

Alexander and Bucephalus, between 1757 and 1760. Creator: Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
Alexander and Bucephalus, between 1757 and 1760

Alexander's Confidence with his Physician Philip, c.1770. Creator: Benjamin West
Alexander's Confidence with his Physician Philip, c.1770

Alexander the Great, plate two from The Nine Worthies, 1594. Creator: Nicolaes de Bruyn
Alexander the Great, plate two from The Nine Worthies, 1594

Diogenes, 1774. Creator: John Downman
Diogenes, 1774

Andriana Palma and Diogenes the Cynic, 1596. Creator: Jacopo Palma
Andriana Palma and Diogenes the Cynic, 1596

Ruth and Naomi, 1886, (1936). Creator: Philip Hermogenes Calderon
Ruth and Naomi, 1886, (1936). Ruth embracing her mother-in-law Naomi with Orpah standing in the Moab desert by Philip Hermogenes Calderon, at Walker Art Gallery, first exhibited 1886. Oil on canvas

Roman statue of Hercules. This marble statue of Hercules, 3.17 metres high, is a copy made by Glycon in 200-210 AD of a smaller original Greek bronze sculpture of the 4th century BC by Lysippus

Diadem with ornamental frieze, 4th century BC (gold repousse)
1070572 Diadem with ornamental frieze, 4th century BC (gold repousse) by Greek School; xx cm; Dallas Museum of Art, Texas

Pair of gold reels, 5th-4th centuries BC (gold)
1070570 Pair of gold reels, 5th-4th centuries BC (gold) by Greek School; Dallas Museum of Art, Texas, USA; (add.info.: Classical Greek); Museum League Purchase Funds

Pair of "a grappolo" type earrings, late 5th to 4th centuries BC (gold)
1070561 Pair of "a grappolo" type earrings, late 5th to 4th centuries BC (gold) by Etruscan; 10.16x5.72x3.81 cm; Dallas Museum of Art, Texas

Pair of earrings with female heads, mid-5th century BC (gold)
1070560 Pair of earrings with female heads, mid-5th century BC (gold) by Etruscan, (5th century BC); 2.54 cm; Dallas Museum of Art, Texas

The magician Circe represented on a ceramic vase with black figures. Ancient Greece 5 - 4th century BC
AIS5389330 The magician Circe represented on a ceramic vase with black figures. Ancient Greece 5 - 4th century BC.; Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Taranto, Apuglia, Italy

Celtic helmet found at Agris, Charante (iron & bronze covered with gold & inlaid with coral)
NUL115588 Celtic helmet found at Agris, Charante (iron & bronze covered with gold & inlaid with coral) by Celtic, (4th-3rd century BC); height: 21.4 cm; Musee Archeologique et Historique, Angouleme

Statue of Alexander the Great. 1810 (engraving)
7234829 Statue of Alexander the Great.1810 (engraving) by Bouillon, Pierre (1776-1831); Private Collection; (add.info.: Statue of Alexander the Great, Alexander III of Macedon, 356BC-323BC)

Marriage of Alexander the Great and Stateira II in Susa, Persia, 324 BC (engraving)
7157369 Marriage of Alexander the Great and Stateira II in Susa, Persia, 324 BC (engraving) by German School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info)

Wedding in Susa, Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia (356-323 B. C. ), With Estatira
Wedding in Susa, Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia (356-323 B.C.), With Estatira, colored engraving of Spanish and American Illustration

Temple of Athena, Ancient City of Priene, Turkey

Wreath, 4th century B. C (gold)
1070573 Wreath, 4th century B.C (gold) by Greek school, (4th century BC); 24.1300482601x26.0350520701x6.98501397 cm; Dallas Museum of Art, Texas

Pair of earrings, late 4th century B. C (gold, filigree)
1070574 Pair of earrings, late 4th century B.C (gold, filigree) by Greek school, (4th century BC); 6.1 cm; Dallas Museum of Art, Texas

Spiral earrings, late 4th century B. C (gold, filigree)
1070575 Spiral earrings, late 4th century B.C (gold, filigree) by Greek school, (4th century BC); 2.46 cm; Dallas Museum of Art, Texas

Stele of Paamun (Paamoun), in bottom representation of his death by drowning due to his beatification, 300 BC (relief)
885861 Stele of Paamun (Paamoun), in bottom representation of his death by drowning due to his beatification, 300 BC (relief) by Egyptian, (4th century BC); Egyptian Museum, Turin

Head dating from the end of the reign of Nectanebo I, 4th century BC (limestone)
885860 Head dating from the end of the reign of Nectanebo I, 4th century BC (limestone) by Egyptian, (4th century BC); Egyptian Museum, Turin, Italy; (add.info.: Egyptian civilization: Head of a man)

Head of a man on a herm, known as Xenocrates, 2nd century AD (marble)
7146489 Head of a man on a herm, known as Xenocrates, 2nd century AD (marble) by Roman, (2nd century); Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence, Tuscany, Italy; (add.info.: Head of a man on a herm)

Head known as "dying Alexander", late 2nd century BC, (marble)
7146459 Head known as "dying Alexander", late 2nd century BC, (marble) by Roman, (2nd century BC); Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence, Tuscany

Statue of Darius, granite, Achaemenid period (granite)
7070970 Statue of Darius, granite, Achaemenid period (granite) by Iranian School; National Museum of Iran, Tehran, Iran; (add.info.: Statue of Darius, granite, Achaemenid period)

Head on a herm, known as Aristophanes, 1st century AD (marble)
7146497 Head on a herm, known as Aristophanes, 1st century AD (marble) by Roman, (1st century AD); Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence, Tuscany, Italy; (add.info.: Head on a herm, known as Aristophanes)

Statue of Artemis, a copy from the 4th century BC (marble)
5309717 Statue of Artemis, a copy from the 4th century BC (marble) by Greek school, (4th century BC); Istanbul Archaeological Museum, Turkey; Photo © Stefano Baldini

Main staircase, Persepolis Tripylon, Achaemenid period (stone)
7070960 Main staircase, Persepolis Tripylon, Achaemenid period (stone) by Iranian School; National Museum of Iran, Tehran, Iran; (add.info.: Main staircase, Persepolis Tripylon, Achaemenid period)

Pair of funerary earrings, 4th-3rd century BC (gold)
1068056 Pair of funerary earrings, 4th-3rd century BC (gold) by Etruscan; 11.43x6.51x3.49 cm; Dallas Museum of Art, Texas, USA; (add.info.: Etruscan); gift of Mr. and Mrs. Cecil H. Green

Detail of a vase from Ruvo in Puglia (Puglia) depicts a couple of young married couples
LRI4639218 Detail of a vase from Ruvo in Puglia (Puglia) depicts a couple of young married couples. They hold in their hands a cup of wine. 4th century BC

Mercy of Alexander, 17th century (oil on canvas)
7352702 Mercy of Alexander, 17th century (oil on canvas) by Piola, Domenico the Elder (1627-1703); 158x220 cm; Musei di Strada Nuova, Genoa, Liguria

Relief with lion, from Persepolis, Achaemenid period (stone)
7070967 Relief with lion, from Persepolis, Achaemenid period (stone) by Iranian School; National Museum of Iran, Tehran, Iran; (add.info.: Relief with lion, from Persepolis, Achaemenid period)

Head of Demostenes on a cuirassed bust, 2nd century AD, (marble)
7146487 Head of Demostenes on a cuirassed bust, 2nd century AD, (marble) by Roman, (2nd century); Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence, Tuscany, Italy; (add.info.: Head of Demostenes on a cuirassed bust)

Bust with the head of Aristotele, 2nd century AD, (marble and onice)
7146483 Bust with the head of Aristotele, 2nd century AD, (marble and onice) by Roman, (2nd century); Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence, Tuscany, Italy; (add.info.: Bust with the head of Aristotele)

Fragment of a stone column capital, from Persepolis, Achaemenid period (stone)
7070965 Fragment of a stone column capital, from Persepolis, Achaemenid period (stone) by Iranian School; National Museum of Iran, Tehran, Iran; (add.info.: Fragment of a stone column capital)

Detail of an Apulian vase from Canosa representing a warrior holding his armor, 4th or 3rd century BC (ceramic)
LRI4641418 Detail of an Apulian vase from Canosa representing a warrior holding his armor, 4th or 3rd century BC (ceramic) by Italic, (4th century BC); Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples, Campania

Apulian red-figure amphora, c. 360-350 BC (painted ceramic)
7295779 Apulian red-figure amphora, c.360-350 BC (painted ceramic) by Varrese Painter (fl.c.360-c.340 BC) (attr.to); height: 92.7 cm; Private Collection; Photo © Christie's Images

Bust of Heracles-Melkarth with the kernos on his head, 4th century BC (polychrome terracotta)
LRI4562670 Bust of Heracles-Melkarth with the kernos on his head, 4th century BC (polychrome terracotta) by Roman, (4th century BC); Antiquarium Arborense, Oristano, Sardinia

Head of Aphrodite, known as Kaufmann head, 2nd century (sculpture)
7322915 Head of Aphrodite, known as Kaufmann head, 2nd century (sculpture) by Roman, (2nd century AD); Louvre, Paris, France; (add.info.: Head of Aphrodite, known as " Kaufmann head")

Eros with a bow, 2nd century (sculpture)
7322923 Eros with a bow, 2nd century (sculpture) by Lysippos (fl.370-310 BC) (after); Louvre, Paris, France; (add.info.: Eros with a bow, Italie 2nd century AD after an original created by Lysippe)

Torso of a High General, 4th century BC (meta-greywacke)
7330931 Torso of a High General, 4th century BC (meta-greywacke) by Egyptian, (4th century BC); Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA

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In the 4th century BC, a pivotal era in human history unfolded. Philosophers Plato and Aristotle, known for their profound ideas and teachings, were at the forefront of intellectual discourse (PANC2A-00023). Meanwhile, Alexander's army was preparing to unleash destruction upon Persepolis, marking a significant turning point in ancient warfare (PANC2A-00033). Far away in Bulgaria's Central Mountains lies Kazanlak, where the interior of the replica Thracian Tomb stands as a testament to an ancient civilization's artistic prowess (PANC2A-00003). In another corner of the world, Asclepius, the god of healing and medicine, appeared before his devotees in a stunning votive marble relief (PANC2A-00037). The Battle of Arbela took place during this time period between Alexander the Great and Darius III. It forever altered political landscapes and solidified Alexander's legacy as one of history's greatest conquerors (Battle of Arbela between Alexander the Great) Across continents in Peru stood an enigmatic Chavin stele depicting a chieftain adorned with symbols that spoke volumes about their culture and beliefs (PERU: CHAVIN STELE) Pharos illuminated Alexandria with its majestic presence - an architectural marvel that guided sailors through treacherous waters for centuries to come (Pharos lighthouse) Lastly, from beneath Antikythera's sea depths emerged a bronze portrait head believed to be that of an esteemed philosopher from late 3rd century BC. Its discovery shed light on ancient thinkers' physical representations while leaving us yearning for more knowledge about their philosophies (Bronze Portrait Head found in sea of Antikythera) The 4th century BC was truly a time when civilizations clashed on battlefields but also flourished intellectually and artistically.