Acculturation Collection (#2)

CARLISLE SCHOOL, 1900. Students at the Carlisle, Pennsylvania, Indian Industrial School. Photograph by Frances Benjamin Johnston, 1900

CARLISLE STUDENT, 1885. Tom Torlino, a Navajo Native American student at the Carlisle Indian School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Photographed in 1885

CHEYENNE DELEGATION, 1899. Members of a Cheyenne-Arapaho delegation, three of whom are wearing peace medals awarded by the U.S

IROQUOIS CHIEF AND WARRIOR. A chief in European dress, a child, and a warrior scalping an enemy. Aquatint, c1787, by Jacques Grasset de Saint-Sauveur

JOHN RIDGE (c1802-1839). Cherokee Native American leader. Lithograph, 1836, after a painting, 1825, by Charles Bird King

SIOUX DELEGATION, 1889. A delegation of Sioux chiefs sent to ratify the sale of lands in South Dakota to the United States government. Photographed in Washington, D.C. December 1889

PINE RIDGE RESERVATION. Small Oglala Sioux tipi camp in front of U.S. government school buildings on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota. Photographed in 1891 by John C.H. Grabill

AWBONNIE TOOKANKA (1847-1888). Also known as Aubony Stookaraka. Shoshone Native American woman; wife of American frontiersman and diplomat Granville Stuart. Photographed c1865

NAVAJO MAN, c1904. A policeman. Navajo man wearing a hat. Photograph by Edward Curtis, c1904

Native American students photographed after arriving at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle
CARLISLE SCHOOL STUDENTS. Native American students photographed after arriving at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, late 19th or early 20th century

LUTHER STANDING BEAR (1868-1939). Oglala Sioux Native American writer and actor. Photographed at Chicago, Illinois, c1891

POCAHONTAS & SMITH. Captain John Smith (1580-1631) and Pocahontas (1595?-1617). Wood engraving, American, 1877

POCAHONTAS (1595?-1617). Native American princess. At about age 21. Line engraving from John Smiths Generall Historie of Virginia, 1624, after a painting of 1616

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Acculturation is a complex process that has shaped the course of history and continues to influence societies today. One example of this can be seen in the life of CETSHWAYO, the last Zulu King. As he navigated interactions with European colonizers, his culture underwent significant changes. In Xanthos, Turkey, we find evidence through various monuments. Inside a Pillar Tomb, one can sense the merging of different artistic styles and influences. The Pillar tomb itself stands as a testament to cultural exchange and adaptation over time. Similarly, the Xanthian Obelisk showcases how ideas from different civilizations blended together harmoniously. However, not all instances have been smooth or positive. An anti-immigration cartoon titled "Spoiling the Broth" from 1921 highlights tensions arising from large-scale immigration in America during that period. It criticizes immigrants for failing to assimilate into society's melting pot concept. The assimilation efforts faced by Native American communities are also worth mentioning when discussing acculturation. Sioux boys photographed in western clothing demonstrate attempts at incorporating indigenous individuals into mainstream American culture while Apache children arriving at Carlisle Indian Industrial School reveal forced assimilation practices prevalent during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. On another note, San Jose Mission serves as an embodiment of religious acculturation between Spanish missionaries and Native Americans in California. This mission represents both spiritual transformation and cultural blending as indigenous traditions merged with Catholicism. An ongoing phenomenon that shapes our world's social fabric by bringing diverse cultures together while challenging them to adapt and evolve simultaneously. Understanding its complexities helps us appreciate humanity's ability to embrace change while preserving unique identities throughout history.