Acid Collection (#10)

Egg chemical reaction, 19th century
Egg chemical reaction. The reaction uses hydrochloric acid which reacts with the calcium carbonate in the egg shell to produce the white foam seen here (due to the carbon dioxide produced)

Invisible writing, 19th century
Invisible writing. Etching of invisible writing being carried out using sodium hypochlorite (then known as Javelle water or Javel water), an alkaline disinfectant more commonly known as bleach

The Sulphur Cave, New Zealand
The Sulphur Cave at the Wai-O-Tapu (Sacred Waters) Thermal Wonderland Park, near Rotorua, on North Island in New Zealand

Normal soil
Soil testing. A pH meter testing the acidity or alkalinity of soil. Farmers and gardeners use pH meters to determine the level of acidity in soil to assess its suitability for different plants

The Champagne Pool, New Zealand
The Champagne Pool at the Wai-O-Tapu (Sacred Waters) Thermal Wonderland Park, near Rotorua, on the North Island, in New Zealand

Acid soil
Soil testing. A pH meter showing the acidity of soil. Farmers and gardeners use pH meters to determine the pH level of soil to assess its suitability for different plants

Chemical crystals, historical artwork
Chemical crystal, historical artwork. Early 20th Century colour plate showing crystals of various chemicals, including some acids

Orange battery. Copper (orange) and zinc (silver) electrodes have been inserted into an orange and connected to wires to produce electricity. The voltmeter (top) is showing the voltage generated

Tomato battery
Lemon battery. Copper (orange) and zinc (silver) electrodes have been inserted into a lemon and connected to wires to produce electricity. The voltmeter (top) is showing the voltage generated

Digital pH measurement

Sulphur deposits, Hawaii
Sulphur deposits. Sulphur deposits (yellow) on volcanic rock. Photographed in the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii, USA

Sulphur deposits. Rising steam and sulphur deposits (yellow) on volcanic rock. Photographed in the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii, USA

Propanoic acid molecule
Propanoic acid, molecular model. Propanoic acid, also called propionic acid, is a carboxylic acid. It is used as a preservative and in the production of plastics, pesticides and pharmaceuticals

Pelargonic acid molecule
Pelargonic acid, molecular model. Pelargonic acid, also called nonanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid. It is found naturally in a number of plants including Pelargoniums

Formic acid molecule
Formic acid, molecular model. Formic acid, also called methanoic acid, is the simplest of the carboxylic acids. It is found naturally in the venom of ant and bee stings

Capric acid molecule
Capric acid, molecular model. Capric acid, also called decanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid. It is found naturally in the milk of a number of mammals

Caprylic acid molecule
Caprylic acid, molecular model. Caprylic acid, also called octanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid. It is found naturally in the milk of a number of mammals

Butyric acid molecule
Butyric acid, molecular model. Butyric acid, also called butanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid. It has an unpleasant smell and acrid taste

DNA molecule, computer artwork. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is composed of two strands twisted into a double helix. DNA contains sections called genes, which encode the bodys genetic information

Valeric acid molecule
Valeric acid, molecular model. Valeric acid, also called pentanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid. It has a very unpleasant odour

Caproic acid molecule
Caproic acid, molecular model. Caproic acid, also called hexanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid. It has an odour reminiscent of barnyard animals

DNA damage, computer artwork
Computer artwork of a DNA broken into small fragments, depicting damaged DNA, DNA repair, DNA double-strand breaks and chromosomal damage

Soil pH meter in a plant pot. A pH meter shows the alkalinity or acidity of a substance. Farmers and gardeners use these meters to assess a soils suitability for different plants

17th century lecture by Nicolas Lemery
17th century chemistry lecture. Artwork showing local people attending a chemistry lecture by the French chemist Nicolas Lemery (1645-1715)

Chloride chemistry

Sulphuric acid molecule
Sulphuric acid. Computer model of a molecule of sulphuric acid. This acid is one of the most important industrial chemicals, and has many laboratory uses as well

Litmus solution added to acid
Litmus solution being added to an acid. Litmus is an indicator, a chemical that has a different colour depending on whether it is in an acidic or alkaline environment. In acids it is red

Sulphuric and ethanoic acid. Comparison of a strong and a weak acid. Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) is an important industrial chemical. It is used in petroleum refining and paint and fertiliser production

Nitric acid molecule
Nitric acid. Computer model of a molecule of nitric acid. This is a strong acid, which means that it is highly dissociated when dissolved in aqueous solution

Molecular model of hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen chloride. Molecular model of hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid). The white sphere represent an atom of hydrogen. The green sphere represents an atom of chlorine

Ascorbic and citric acid crystals, PLM
Citric and ascorbic acid crystals, polarised light micrograph. Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, is a nutrient essential for health

Chemistry experiment. Hand pouring vinegar onto baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate, NaHCO3). Vinegar is a solution of ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)

Oxalic acid molecule
Oxalic acid. Molecular model of oxalic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, which is one of the strongest organic acids because of the joining of two carboxyl groups (COOH) at centre (grey)

2, 4, 5-T herbicide molecule
245-T herbicide, molecular model. 2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (245-T) was used as a herbicide from its development in the 1940s until it was withdrawn due to health concerns in the late

EDTA chelating agent molecule
EDTA chelating agent, molecular model. EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is used as a treatment for heavy metal poisoning, for instance by mercury or lead

Molecular model of phthalic acid

Marsh cinquefoil (Potentilla palustris), growing on bog surface; in flower, Scotland
ROG-12568 Marsh cinquefoil growing on bog surface; in flower Scotland Potentilla palustris Bob Gibbons Please note that prints are for personal display purposes only

Phosphate Mining
Sacks of phosphate, the salt of phosphoric acid, mined in Sfax, Tunisia, North Africa

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"Exploring the Effects of Acid: From Porthgain Lime Workings to Chemistry Laboratories" The Porthgain lime workings in Pembrokeshire, West Wales, stand as a testament to the historical significance in extracting limestone for various purposes. A slice of Canyon Diablo meteorite reveals the powerful impact that they can have on celestial bodies, shaping their composition and structure over millions of years. Rust treatment is just one example of how they can be harnessed for practical applications, preserving and restoring metal surfaces with their corrosive properties. The creatine amino acid molecule showcases the intricate nature of organic compounds influenced by acids, playing a crucial role in muscle function and energy production. Unveiling an unexpected connection between suffragette history and acid, militant attacks on golf courses during protests shed light on unconventional methods employed by activists fighting for women's rights. Acid rain has deeply eroded the limestone pavement above Malham Cove, leaving behind clints (lumps) and grykes (gaps), which provide unique habitats for rare plants like hart's tongue ferns. Forestry workers utilizing forwarder machines demonstrate how acid-free environments are essential when removing felled timber from Dunwich Forest to preserve its natural balance. The Murchison CM2 carbonaceous chondrite meteorite holds valuable insights into our understanding of early solar system chemistry and the role that acids played in its formation. Stepping back in time to 19th-century chemistry laboratories unveils vintage equipment used to study acids' properties - a testament to humanity's continuous exploration into this fascinating realm. Victoria College's Alexandria Chemistry Laboratory stands as a hub where young minds delve into experiments involving various types of acids, fostering scientific curiosity among future chemists. "From Cellar to Bar" captures the transformative power of acidic fermentation processes involved in brewing and winemaking, where sugars are converted into alcohol, creating delightful beverages.