Aufbau Collection

Beryllium, atomic model. Beryllium has five neutrons (white) and four protons (pink) in its nucleus (centre). The atom also has four electron (blue) orbiting the nucleus

Acetic acid molecule
Acetic acid, molecular model. Acetic acid, also called ethanoic acid, is the component of vinegar that gives it its sour taste and pungent smell

Helium, atomic model
Heium, atomic model. Helium has two neutrons (white) and two protons (pink) in its nucleus (centre). The atom also has two electron (blue) orbiting the nucleus

Boron, atomic model. Boron has six neutrons (white) and five protons (pink) in its nucleus (centre). The atom also has five electron (blue) orbiting the nucleus

Propanoic acid molecule
Propanoic acid, molecular model. Propanoic acid, also called propionic acid, is a carboxylic acid. It is used as a preservative and in the production of plastics, pesticides and pharmaceuticals

Pelargonic acid molecule
Pelargonic acid, molecular model. Pelargonic acid, also called nonanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid. It is found naturally in a number of plants including Pelargoniums

Formic acid molecule
Formic acid, molecular model. Formic acid, also called methanoic acid, is the simplest of the carboxylic acids. It is found naturally in the venom of ant and bee stings

Capric acid molecule
Capric acid, molecular model. Capric acid, also called decanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid. It is found naturally in the milk of a number of mammals

Caprylic acid molecule
Caprylic acid, molecular model. Caprylic acid, also called octanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid. It is found naturally in the milk of a number of mammals

Butyric acid molecule
Butyric acid, molecular model. Butyric acid, also called butanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid. It has an unpleasant smell and acrid taste

Lithium, atomic model. Lithium has three neutrons (white) and three protons (pink) in its nucleus (centre). The atom also has three electron (blue) orbiting the nucleus

Deuterium, atomic model
Deuterium. Atomic model of deuterium, also known as heavy hydrogen, an isotope of hydrogen. Isotopes are forms of an element that contain different numbers of neutrons in the atomic nucleus (centre)

Valeric acid molecule
Valeric acid, molecular model. Valeric acid, also called pentanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid. It has a very unpleasant odour

Caproic acid molecule
Caproic acid, molecular model. Caproic acid, also called hexanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid. It has an odour reminiscent of barnyard animals

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Aufbau is a concept in chemistry that refers to the building up of atomic models and molecules. It involves understanding the arrangement of electrons within an atom or molecule, which determines its chemical properties. One example is seen in Beryllium's atomic model. With four electrons, it follows the pattern of filling orbitals from lowest to highest energy levels. Similarly, Helium's atomic model demonstrates aufbau as it fills its first energy level with two electrons. Moving on to molecules, Propanoic acid showcases aufbau by arranging its atoms - carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen - in a specific order to form a stable structure. Acetic acid also exemplifies aufbau through its molecular composition of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms bonded together. Pelargonic acid displays aufbau by organizing carbon and hydrogen atoms into a long chain structure with a carboxyl group at one end. Formic acid exhibits aufbau as it arranges carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms into a simple yet crucial molecule found naturally in various organisms. Capric acid follows the principles by constructing itself using carbon and hydrogen atoms arranged in a specific way for stability. Caprylic acid shares similarities with capric acid regarding their molecular structures based on the principles but differs slightly due to variations in their arrangements. Butyric acid demonstrates how different combinations of carbon and hydrogen can create distinct molecules following the rules set forth by aufbau theory. Lastly, Lithium's atomic model adheres to aufbau principles as it fills electron shells according to increasing energy levels within an atom.