Calculation Collection (#4)

Advertisement for the Arithmometer, calculating machine. From A Concise History of The International Exhibition of 1862, published 1862

A Japanese man using a soroban, or abacus. Detail from an 18th or 19th century woodcut by Japanese artist Toyohiro Utagawa

Two Chinese men with an abacus. After a work published in 1861 by 19th century Japanese artist Utagawa Yoshitora

Burroughs Adding and Registering Machine. From The Business Encyclopaedia and Legal Adviser, published 1907

Zohrn Schiiga Land Hunter 1917 pencil crayon
The Zohrn, Schiiga and Land = Hunter, 1917, pencil and crayon, sheet: 29 x 22.4 cm, recto [above, from left to right] South. Soleil. 1, 917. Zohrn =, Hohrn. Zitter =, Linden. Senner =, Alp

Messrs. Scheutzs New Calculating Machine
Messrs. Pehr (Per) Georg Scheutz (1785-1873) and Edvard Scheutzs (of Stockholm, Sweden) New Calculating (Tabulating) Machine

Circumference of the Earth. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) de
Circumference of the Earth. Eratosthenes (250 BC) calculated the circumference of the Earth by measuring noontime shadows at two localities of different latitude

Childs slate and toy gun on a Christmas card. early 20th century

French bank note, 50 Francs
French bank note, Banque de France, 50 Francs, issued on 19 May 1949. With a portrait of the French mathematician and astronomer Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier (1811-1877) on the front

Abacus, artwork
Abacus, computer artwork

Items needed to calculate astrological charts, including a calculator, discs showing signs of the zodiac, paper, pen

Clerk using a Pascal adding machine, 1835
Clerk using an adding machine of the type developed by Blaise Pascal (1623-1664), 1835. (Colorised black and white print)

Study for the Last Super and Mathematical Figures and Calculations, c1480 (1945). Artist: Leonardo da Vinci
Study for the Last Super and Mathematical Figures and Calculations, c1480 (1945). From The Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. [Reynal & Hitchcock, New York, 1945]

Sheet of Pictographs, c1480 (1945). Artist: Leonardo da Vinci
Sheet of Pictographs, c1480 (1945). From The Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. [Reynal & Hitchcock, New York, 1945]

Weighing the Earth, 1938. Churchmans cigarette card, from a series titled Modern Wonders [WA & AC Churchman, Great Britain & Ireland, 1938]

Super calculating machine, 1938. Churchmans cigarette card, from a series titled Modern Wonders [WA & AC Churchman, Great Britain & Ireland, 1938]

Telling time at night using a nocturnal, 1539. The hour is obtained by measuring the angular position of the imaginary line joining the pointers in the constellation of the Plough to the Pole Star

Reiner Gemma Frisius, Dutch astronomer, geographer, cartographer and mathematician, 1539. Gemma Frisius (1508-1555) holding an adjustable ring dial for determining the altitude of the Sun for

Using astrolabes to calculate the height of a steeple, 1539. Artist: Petrus Apianus
Using astrolabes to calculate the height of a steeple, 1539. From Cosmographia, Peter Apian, Antwerp, 1539

Surveying, early 17th century. Method of using a quadrant fitted with a plumb line and marked with shadow scales to measure the depth of a well. From Utriusque cosmi... historia by Robert Fludd

Surveying and timekeeping, 1551. On the left are various different kinds of sundial and a clock with a single arm. On the right a survey is being made of the height of the tower, using quadrants

Surveying, 1551. Obtaining the height of a building by the use of a cross-staff. From Rudimenta Mathematica by Sebastian Munster. (Basel, 1551)

Using a quadrant with a plumb bob to calculate the height of a tower by triangulation, 1551. From Rudimenta Mathematica by Sebastian Munster. (Basel, 1551)

Keplers illustration to explain his discovery of the elliptical orbit of Mars, 1609. Working with data collected by the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe

Method of laying an artillery piece on target using Gunners scale, 18th century. Paths of trajectories and various types of ammunition are shown

ENIAC computer, c1944. Artist: J Presper Eckert
ENIAC computer, c1944. The first all-electronic computer designed to be Turing-complete, ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

Transit of Venus, 1639, (1662). Artist: Johannes Hevelius
Transit of Venus, 1639, (1662). Polish astronmer Johannes Heveliuss engraving of Jeremiah Horrockss observations of the transit of Venus, 24 November 1639

Counters and counting system, 16th century
Counters and counting system, from Munich, 16th century

Egyptian monthly accounts from the archive of a temple, similar to a modern spreadsheet in analysis. From the Louvres collection

Title page of Quadrans Apiani by German mathematician and astronomer Peter Apian, 1532. The illustration shows his recently invented quadrant

Charles Babbages Difference Engine No 1, prototype calculating machine, 1824-1832. Artist: Joseph Clement
Charles Babbages Difference Engine No 1, prototype calculating machine, 1824-1832. English mathematician Charles Babbage (1791-1871)

Pythagoras, Greek mathematician, 1508. Pythagoras (right) using a counting table, competes against Boethius (Boece) using algorithms for speed at calculation

Pascals digital counting machine of 1642, 1751-1780
Blaise Pascals (1623-1664) digital counting machine (1642) showing (top) two of the train of number wheels which were viewed through windows in the casing of the machine

George and Edward Scheutzs calculating machine. Based on Babbages difference engine, it was developed between 1837 and 1843. Purchased for Dudley Observatory, Albany, New York

Babbages difference machine, 1864. Artist: Charles Babbage
Babbages difference machine. From Charles Babbage Passages from the Life of a Philosopher, London, 1864. Engraving

Childs slate with pen and toy soldiers on a New Year card. Date: early 20th century

Childs slate with pen and scribbles on a New Year card. Date: early 20th century

Childs slate with pen and scribbles on a Christmas card. Date: early 20th century

Childs slate with pen and baubles on a Christmas card. early 20th century

Abacus, also called a counting frame. Cesis. Latvia

COTTON PICKER, 1935. An African American cotton worker calculates the weight of cotton in a notebook, Little Rock, Arkansas. Photograph by Ben Shahn in October 1935

TEXAS: COTTON, 1936. A plantation owners daughter checks the weight of cotton, Kaufman County, Texas. Photograph by Arthur Rothstein, August 1936

COTTON CHECKER, 1935. An African American cotton worker calculates the weight of the cotton picked in a notebook, Pulaski County, Arkansas. Photograph by Ben Shahn in October 1935

VANNEVAR BUSH (1890-1974). American electrical engineer. Bush (left) and his M.I.T. colleagues in the late 1920s at work on their network analyzer

St. Pachomius (d. 346) (mosaic)
XIR154000 St. Pachomius (d.346) (mosaic) by Byzantine School, (12th century); Duomo, Monreale, Sicily, Italy; (add.info.: founder of Christian community monasticism in Egypt; wrote first book of)

Calculator with fingers and face, calculating

POMPEII: BONE COUNTERS. Carved bone counters employed by the Romans in calculation, found at Pompeii, Italy. The positions of the hands indicate numbers

EGYPT: STONE WEIGHTS. Egyptian stone weights from Sinai, c2000 B. C
EGYPT: STONE WEIGHTS. Egyptian stone weights from Sinai, c2000 B.C

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"Unleashing the Power of Calculation: From Babbage's Engine to Quantum Computers" Step into a captivating journey through the evolution of calculation, where innovation and ingenuity have shaped our understanding of numbers. Transport yourself back in time to witness Charles Babbage's groundbreaking invention, the precursor to modern computers - Babbage's Engine. Marvel at its intricate gears and cogs that revolutionized computation. Fast forward to 1955 in Berkeley, where an anti-proton experiment pushed the boundaries of scientific discovery. The lecture theatre buzzes with excitement as researchers delve into uncharted territories. Delve further into history as you explore Pascal's calculator, a remarkable 17th-century artwork that paved the way for mechanical calculations. Admire its craftsmanship and envision how it transformed mathematical problem-solving. Discover ancient civilizations' counting systems like those used by Egyptians and Assyrians. Unearthed from the depths of time is a detail from the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus dating back to Egypt's Hyksos period – a testament to their advanced numerical prowess. Immerse yourself in G. H. Davis' Schneider contest nerve center, where minds collide in pursuit of computational excellence. Witness their dedication as they unravel complex problems with precision and skill. Venture beyond traditional calculations as hydrometers and hygrometers take center stage – instruments that measure density and humidity respectively, showcasing how mathematics extends its reach across various disciplines. Journey towards Fort Wright on Fishers Island, New York, where mortar calculations played a pivotal role in fortification strategies during times of conflict. Appreciate how precise measurements ensured strength and security. Peer into tomorrow’s realm with awe-inspiring quantum computer cores – marvels capable of processing vast amounts of information simultaneously using quantum bits or qubits; unlocking new frontiers yet unexplored. Finally, be captivated by Benito Bails’ "Elementos de Matematica, " an architectural masterpiece merging art and mathematics.