Carbonarism Collection
Carbonarism, also known as the Carboneria or Charbonnerie, was a secret revolutionary society that emerged in Italy during the early 19th century
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Carbonarism, also known as the Carboneria or Charbonnerie, was a secret revolutionary society that emerged in Italy during the early 19th century. It aimed to overthrow monarchies and establish liberal democratic governments. One of the most notable events associated with carbonarism was the trial and execution of Les Quatre Sergeants (The Four Sergeants) in 1822. Jean Francois Bories, Jean Joseph Pommier, Marius Claude Raoulx, and Charles Goubin from La Rochelle were accused under the Restoration of plotting against the monarchy. Their crime? Belonging to the Charbonnerie. Patriot Pietro Maroncelli suffered greatly for his involvement in carbonarism. Imprisoned at Spielberg Fortress in Moravia, he had his leg amputated as punishment for his beliefs. Prints from Museo del Risorgimento depict this horrific ordeal. The Carbonari movement extended beyond Italy's borders. In Calabria during the 1810s, secret revolutionary societies held meetings to discuss their plans for insurrection. Tancredi Scarpelli's illustrations capture these gatherings vividly. In Modena in 1830, Ciro Menotti led an insurrectionary movement supported by fellow members of Carbonaria. However, their attempt was thwarted when Menotti was arrested during an assault on his house. Silvio Pellico and Piero Maroncelli faced severe consequences for their involvement with carbonarism as well. They were sentenced to incarceration at Spielberg Fortress in Brno after being found guilty based on a letter condemning them for belonging to this subversive movement. Another instance highlighting carbonarism's impact occurred during an attempted insurrection in Toulon when a prominent Carbonaro named Sergeant Charles Goubin was arrested by Eugene-Francois authorities. These historical events shed light on how carbonarism influenced political movements and individuals during the 19th century.