Evolutionary Biology Collection (#3)

Thomas Huxley, British biologist
Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895), British biologist. Huxley was a strong advocate of Darwins theory of evolution by natural selection

Photograph of biologist Thomas Huxley, in 1857
Thomas Huxley. Photograph of English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895), in 1857. He studied medicine and surgery, and joined the Royal Navy where he did important work on plankton

Engraving of biologist Thomas Huxley, in 1874

The Galapagos Islands seen on one of Darwins maps
Darwins map. View of a map of the Galapagos Islands at Down house, Kent, England, where Charles Darwin (1809-1882) lived for the last 40 years of his life

Photograph of Charles Darwin in 1881, aged 72
Charles Darwin. Photograph of English naturalist Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) in 1881, aged 72. As a young man Darwin briefly studied medicine then trained in the clergy

Computer coloured portrait of Darwin
Charles Darwin. Computer-coloured portrait of Charles Darwin (1809-82), British naturalist. Darwin originally trained in medicine, then the clergy

View of Darwins desk at Down House

Chemicals and rock samples in Darwins study
Darwins study. View of a variety of chemicals and rock samples in Charles Darwins (1809-1882) study at Down House, Kent, England

The skull of an ape at Darwins house
Darwins ape skull. View of the skull of an ape at Down house, Kent, England, where Charles Darwin (1809-1882) lived for the last 40 years of his life

Engraving of Charles Darwin in 1874, aged 65
Charles Darwin. Engraving of English naturalist Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) in 1874, aged 65. As a young man Darwin briefly studied medicine then trained in the clergy

Erasmus Darwin, British doctor
Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802), British physician and grandfather of Charles Darwin. Erasmus Darwin studied medicine at the universities of Edinburgh and Cambridge, qualifying in 1755

View of letters addressed to Darwin on his desk
Letters to Darwin. View of letters addressed to Charles Darwin (1809-1882) on his desk in his study at Down House, Kent, England

Jean Lamarck, French naturalist
Jean Lamarck (1744-1829), French naturalist. Lamarck proposed early ideas on evolution and the variation of species in his book Zoological Philosophy (1809)

Computer artwork of Mendels Second Law
Mendels Second Law. Computer artwork of Mendels Second Law, the genetic law of independent assort- ment. It was formulated by the Austrian botanist Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884), top left

Computer artwork of the botanist Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel. Computer artwork of the Austrian botanist Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884) with a pea plant, DNA strand (orange) and sequence of genetic code (pink)

Computer artwork of Mendels First Law
Mendels First Law. Computer artwork of Mendels First Law, the genetic law of segregation. It was formulated by the Austrian botanist Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884), top left

Carl Vogt, German naturalist
Carl Christoph Vogt (1817-1895), German naturalist. Vogt published a number of notable works on physiology, geology and zoology

Charles Lyell, British geologist
Charles Lyell (1797-1875), British geologist. Lyell was appointed secretary of the Geological Society in 1823. Between 1830-33 he published his three-volume masterpiece Principles of Geology

Louis Agassiz, US-Swiss palaeontologist
Louis Agassiz (1807-1873), Swiss-American palaeontologist. Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz was born and worked in Switzerland until 1846, when he left for the USA

Stipple engraving of Charles Darwin as an old man
Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) English naturalist and author of the Origin of Species. He suggested that natural variation in a species creates a wide range of individual characteristics some of

Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) English Naturalist. Darwin was the author of the Origin of Species published in 1859 on the theory of evolution by natural selection

Frontispiece of C. Darwins Origin of Species
Frontispiece of the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin, published in 1859. This is a facsimile of the first edition. The full title of the book is On the Origins of Species by Means of Natural

Georges Cuvier, French zoologist
Georges Cuvier (1769-1832), French zoologist and anatomist. Georges Leopold Chretien Frederick Dagobert Cuvier was educated in Stuttgart, Germany

Artwork: Miller-Urey experiment on origin of life
Miller-Urey experiment. Illustration showing the apparatus used in the Miller-Urey experiment to study the origin of life

Cellular clock. Conceptual artwork of a clock and the internal structures (organelles) of an animal cell. This could represent the rate of metabolic cell reactions

Mendelian inheritance in fowls, as a result of parental genes. P = parents, F & F2 = 1st and 2nd generation, D = dominant, R = recessive

Evolving protocell, artwork
Evolving protocell. Image 3 of 5. Artwork showing a protocell (artificial cell). This protocell was formed from a synthetic primeval soup containing PNA (peptide nucleic acid, orange)

Protocell proliferation, artwork
Protocell proliferation. Image 5 of 5. Artwork showing a protocell (artificial cell) dividing to produce two daughter cells

Mitochondrial Eve. Conceptual computer artwork of a circular molecule of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) floating above a hand. Mitochondria are cell organelles that produce energy

Newly formed protocell, artwork
Newly formed protocell. Image 2 of 5. Artwork showing cellular components inside a basic cell membrane. This protocell (artificial cell)

Protocell precursor molecules, artwork
Protocell precursor molecules. Image 1 of 5. Artwork showing cellular components randomly distributed in a synthetic primeval soup

Energised protocell, artwork
Energised protocell. Image 4 of 5. Artwork showing light photons energising a protocell (artificial cell). This protocell was formed from a synthetic primeval soup containing PNA

Megatherium. Artists impression of Megatherium, an extinct species of giant sloth. Megatherium was about the size of an elephant, and inhabited the shrubby savannas of America

Palaeotherium. Artists impression of the extinct mammal Palaeotherium. This genus lived during the Eocene and Oligocene epoch between 54 and 23 million years ago

Early tetrapods
Tetrapods. Computer artwork of three tetrapods swimming. The first tetrapods evolved from lobe- finned fish in the late Devonian period, about 360 million years ago

Eohippus. Artists impression of the extinct horse Eohippus, also known as Hyracotherium. This species lived during the Eocene epoch between 60 and 45 million years ago

Homo georgicus. Artists impression of the skull, head and face of H. Georgicus. This hominid lived during the Pleistocene era

Australopithecus reconstruction. Head and neck of the early hominid (Australopithecus, from 4-2 million years ago), as reconstructed by Dart in 1926

Macrauchenia. Artists impression of the extinct prehistoric mammal Macrauchenia. This herbivore lived 7 million to 20, 000 years ago

Australopithecus and gorilla brains. Historical artwork comparing the brain sizes of an early hominid (Australopithecus, from 4-2 million years ago) and a gorilla (brains seen from behind)

Homo rudolfensis. Artists impression of the skull and face of the tool-using hominid H. rudolfensis. It is sometimes classified as Homo habilis (meaning " handy man" )

Merychippus. Artists impression of the extinct horsel Merychippus. This species lived during the Miocene epoch between 17 and 11 million years ago. It is thought to be the first horse to graze

Australopithecus boisei skull, computer artwork. Australopithecus boisei was a hominid that lived in Africa between about 2.3 to 1.3 million years ago

Homo heidelbergensis male, artists impression. H. heidelbergensis lived between 600, 000 and 250, 000 years ago in the Pleistocene era

Skulls of Tuang child and a chimpanzee
Tuang child (Australopithecus africanus) and chimpanzee skulls. The Tuang child fossil (left) was discovered in 1924 in Tuang, South Africa. The child, an example of A

Dinosaur DNA. Computer artwork of dinosaurs climbing a double helix representing the concept of cloning a dinosaur from preserved dinosaur DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Four-winged dinosaur. Artwork of Microraptor gui, a gliding dinosaur with feathers on all four limbs, which lived in the early Cretaceous period about 130 million years ago

Paranthropus robustus. Artists impression of the skull and face of the early hominid Paranthropus robustus. P. robustus means " robust equal of man"

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Evolutionary biology, the fascinating study of how species have evolved and adapted over time, encompasses a wide range of captivating topics. From the stages in human evolution to Charles Darwin's groundbreaking work, this field offers profound insights into our origins and the intricate web of life on Earth. At the heart lies Charles Darwin, a British naturalist whose revolutionary ideas forever changed our understanding of life's diversity. His iconic evolutionary tree beautifully illustrates how all living organisms are interconnected through common ancestry. A portrait capturing his intellectual prowess reminds us of his immense contributions to science. Delving deeper into human evolution, we encounter Australopithecus afarensis - an ancient hominid species that walked upright millions of years ago. Through stunning artwork, we can visualize their appearance and understand their place in our ancestral lineage. The female Australopithecus africanus further exemplifies the gradual changes that occurred during our journey from primates to humans. Primate skulls offer tangible evidence showcasing the remarkable variations within different species as they adapted to diverse environments throughout history. These remnants provide crucial clues about our shared heritage with other primates and shed light on key evolutionary processes. As we explore further back in time, we encounter extinct creatures like the mammoth - colossal beasts that roamed prehistoric landscapes thousands of years ago. Their existence serves as a testament to both adaptation and extinction within Earth's ever-changing ecosystems. The image of a scimitar cat attacking a hominid vividly portrays the harsh realities faced by early humans during their struggle for survival against formidable predators. This scene reminds us that every step in human evolution was accompanied by challenges and risks. Artwork depicting various stages in human evolution allows us to envision how physical traits gradually transformed over millennia - from primitive forms resembling apes to modern-day Homo sapiens with distinct cognitive abilities. Intriguingly, Leptictidium represents another branch on nature's evolutionary tree.