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Fifth Century Bc Collection

The fifth century BC was a time of great artistic and intellectual achievements

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Nehemiah rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem (engraving)

Nehemiah rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem (engraving)
6029666 Nehemiah rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem (engraving) by English School, (18th century); Private Collection; (add.info)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Pythagoras and Euclid, 1437 (marble tile)

Pythagoras and Euclid, 1437 (marble tile)
7260238 Pythagoras and Euclid, 1437 (marble tile) by Della Robbia, Luca (1400-82); 83x69 cm; Museo dell Opera del Duomo, Florence, Tuscany, Italy; Photo © Raffaello Bencini

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Veturia persuading her son Coriolanus not to attack Rome (engraving)

Veturia persuading her son Coriolanus not to attack Rome (engraving)
8635793 Veturia persuading her son Coriolanus not to attack Rome (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Ceramic vase with red figures from the site of Ampurias. 5th century BC (ceramic)

Ceramic vase with red figures from the site of Ampurias. 5th century BC (ceramic)
AIS5365139 Ceramic vase with red figures from the site of Ampurias. 5th century BC (ceramic); (add.info.: Archaeological Museum of Barcelona, Spain.); © Iberfoto

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Attic black-figure pottery cup depicting a mythological scene, 490 BC - 460 BC (pottery)

Attic black-figure pottery cup depicting a mythological scene, 490 BC - 460 BC (pottery)
7309993 Attic black-figure pottery cup depicting a mythological scene, 490 BC - 460 BC (pottery, with painted and incised decoration); 15 cm; Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Athena, Roman sculpture after the Greek Athena Parthenos by Phidias

Athena, Roman sculpture after the Greek Athena Parthenos by Phidias, made for the Parthenon between 447 and 432 BC
AIS5374925 Athena, Roman sculpture after the Greek Athena Parthenos by Phidias, made for the Parthenon between 447 and 432 BC, detail

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Persian limestone bull's head

Persian limestone bull's head
5305180 Persian limestone bull's head.; (add.info.: Persian limestone bull's head from the Achaemenian Period. Dated 5th Century BC.); Universal History Archive/UIG

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Tondo from the interior of a kylix

Tondo from the interior of a kylix
5305176 Tondo from the interior of a kylix.; (add.info.: Tondo from the interior of a kylix, depicting women folding clothing. Dated 5th Century BC.); Universal History Archive/UIG

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Veturia begs Coriolanus to cease attack on Rome, 5th century bc (print)

Veturia begs Coriolanus to cease attack on Rome, 5th century bc (print)
7420026 Veturia begs Coriolanus to cease attack on Rome, 5th century bc (print); (add.info.: Veturia, mother of Roman general Gnaeus (or Gaius)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Sophocles, ancient Greek playwright (engraving)

Sophocles, ancient Greek playwright (engraving)
8635070 Sophocles, ancient Greek playwright (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Sophocles (c497-c405 BC), ancient Greek playwright

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Facade of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia (engraving)

Facade of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia (engraving)
8635060 Facade of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Facade of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, Greece)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Battle between Greeks and Amazons (engraving)

Battle between Greeks and Amazons (engraving)
8635056 Battle between Greeks and Amazons (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Battle between Greeks and Amazons)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Hippocrates, ancient Greek physician (engraving)

Hippocrates, ancient Greek physician (engraving)
8635083 Hippocrates, ancient Greek physician (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Hippocrates (c460-370 BC), ancient Greek physician

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Temple of Hera, Paestum (engraving)

Temple of Hera, Paestum (engraving)
8635011 Temple of Hera, Paestum (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Ancient Greek Temple of Hera, Paestum, Italy. Illustration from Hellas)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Sander demolishes the walls of Athens (engraving)

Sander demolishes the walls of Athens (engraving)
8664106 Sander demolishes the walls of Athens (engraving) by English School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Sander demolishes the walls of Athens)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: St Augustine of Hippo (350-430), 19th century (engraving)

St Augustine of Hippo (350-430), 19th century (engraving)
531885 St Augustine of Hippo (350-430), 19th century (engraving); (add.info.: one of great Fathers of early Christian church. Converted 386, bishop of Hippo 396)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Attic black-figure pottery cup depicting a mythological scene, 490 BC - 460 BC (pottery)

Attic black-figure pottery cup depicting a mythological scene, 490 BC - 460 BC (pottery)
7309982 Attic black-figure pottery cup depicting a mythological scene, 490 BC - 460 BC (pottery, with painted and incised decoration); 15 cm; Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Acroterial statue of Harpy/Siren with spread wings, painted terracotta, from rome, 5th century BC

Acroterial statue of Harpy/Siren with spread wings, painted terracotta, from rome, 5th century BC
6384428 Acroterial statue of Harpy/Siren with spread wings, painted terracotta, from rome, 5th century BC, national etruscan museum of villa Giulia, Rome

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Terracotta bobbin attributed to the Penthesilea Painter

Terracotta bobbin attributed to the Penthesilea Painter
5305154 Terracotta bobbin attributed to the Penthesilea Painter.; (add.info.: Terracotta bobbin depicting Nike and Victor. Attributed to the Penthesilea Painter)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Ancient Olympic Games, running events, 1885 (engraving)

Ancient Olympic Games, running events, 1885 (engraving)
ELD4932770 Ancient Olympic Games, running events, 1885 (engraving); (add.info.: Ancient Greece: Ancient Olympic Games, running events Engraving from "History of the world" by Ridpath 1885)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Gold model chariot from the Oxus treasure. Achaemenid Persian, Takht-l-Kuwad region. Tadjikistan

Gold model chariot from the Oxus treasure. Achaemenid Persian, Takht-l-Kuwad region. Tadjikistan
532129 Gold model chariot from the Oxus treasure. Achaemenid Persian, Takht-l-Kuwad region. Tadjikistan. 5-4th century BC (figurine); Universal History Archive/UIG

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Battle of Plataea, Greece, 479 BC (engraving)

Battle of Plataea, Greece, 479 BC (engraving)
8635041 Battle of Plataea, Greece, 479 BC (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Plan of the Battle of Plataea, Greece, 479 BC)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Plato, ancient Greek philosopher (engraving)

Plato, ancient Greek philosopher (engraving)
8635089 Plato, ancient Greek philosopher (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Plato (c428-c347 BC), ancient Greek philosopher

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Alcibiades, Athenian politician, orator and general (engraving)

Alcibiades, Athenian politician, orator and general (engraving)
8635080 Alcibiades, Athenian politician, orator and general (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Alcibiades (c450-404 BC), Athenian politician

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Scene from Aeschylus Agamemnon (engraving)

Scene from Aeschylus Agamemnon (engraving)
8635069 Scene from Aeschylus Agamemnon (engraving) by Leutemann, Heinrich (1824-1905); Private Collection; (add.info.: Scene from Agamemnon)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Aeschylus, ancient Greek playwright (engraving)

Aeschylus, ancient Greek playwright (engraving)
8635068 Aeschylus, ancient Greek playwright (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Aeschylus (c525-c456 BC), ancient Greek playwright

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Aspasia, ancient Greek woman philosopher (engraving)

Aspasia, ancient Greek woman philosopher (engraving)
8635039 Aspasia, ancient Greek woman philosopher (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Aspasia (c470-c428 BC), ancient Greek woman philosopher

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Cimon, Athenian statesman and general (engraving)

Cimon, Athenian statesman and general (engraving)
8635038 Cimon, Athenian statesman and general (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Cimon (510-450 BC), Athenian statesman and general

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Aristides, Athenian general and politician (engraving)

Aristides, Athenian general and politician (engraving)
8635030 Aristides, Athenian general and politician (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Aristides (530-468 BC), Athenian general and politician

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Iron age Vase of the Hallstatt Culture, 9th-5th century BC (ceramic)

Iron age Vase of the Hallstatt Culture, 9th-5th century BC (ceramic)
AIS5364373 Iron age Vase of the Hallstatt Culture, 9th-5th century BC (ceramic); Museo Diocesano de Solsona, Lleida, Spain; © Iberfoto

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Attic black-figure pottery cup depicting a mythological scene, 490 BC - 460 BC (pottery)

Attic black-figure pottery cup depicting a mythological scene, 490 BC - 460 BC (pottery)
7310052 Attic black-figure pottery cup depicting a mythological scene, 490 BC - 460 BC (pottery, with painted and incised decoration); 15 cm; Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Seated female figure with a baby in her arms

Seated female figure with a baby in her arms
5305278 Seated female figure with a baby in her arms.; (add.info.: Seated female figure with a baby in her arms, from Mexico. Dated 5th Century BC.); Universal History Archive/UIG

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Temple E, Greek Doric in Italy, Sicily, Selinunte. 5th Century B.C (photo)

Temple E, Greek Doric in Italy, Sicily, Selinunte. 5th Century B.C (photo)
549367 Temple E, Greek Doric in Italy, Sicily, Selinunte. 5th Century B.C (photo); Omniphoto/UIG

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Dionysius I, ancient Greek tyrant of Syracuse (engraving)

Dionysius I, ancient Greek tyrant of Syracuse (engraving)
8635099 Dionysius I, ancient Greek tyrant of Syracuse (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Dionysius I (c432-367 BC)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Xenophon, ancient Greek general, philosopher and historian (engraving)

Xenophon, ancient Greek general, philosopher and historian (engraving)
8635088 Xenophon, ancient Greek general, philosopher and historian (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Xenophon (c430-354 BC), ancient Greek general

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Socrates, ancient Greek philosopher (engraving)

Socrates, ancient Greek philosopher (engraving)
8635086 Socrates, ancient Greek philosopher (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Socrates (c470-399 BC), ancient Greek philosopher

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Brasidas defending Methone against the Athenians (engraving)

Brasidas defending Methone against the Athenians (engraving)
8635079 Brasidas defending Methone against the Athenians (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Brasidas defending Methone against the Athenians)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Map of the Earth according to Herodotus (engraving)

Map of the Earth according to Herodotus (engraving)
8635073 Map of the Earth according to Herodotus (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Aristophanes, ancient Greek playwright (engraving)

Aristophanes, ancient Greek playwright (engraving)
8635071 Aristophanes, ancient Greek playwright (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Aristophanes (c446-c386 BC), ancient Greek playwright

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Pindar, ancient Greek poet (engraving)

Pindar, ancient Greek poet (engraving)
8635066 Pindar, ancient Greek poet (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Pindar (c518-c438 BC), ancient Greek lyric poet. Illustration from Hellas

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Aeschylus and Sophocles after the victory of Salamis (engraving)

Aeschylus and Sophocles after the victory of Salamis (engraving)
8635065 Aeschylus and Sophocles after the victory of Salamis (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Pericles, ancient Greek politician and general (engraving)

Pericles, ancient Greek politician and general (engraving)
8635040 Pericles, ancient Greek politician and general (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Pericles (c495-429 BC)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Statue of Pallas Athena by Phidias (engraving)

Statue of Pallas Athena by Phidias (engraving)
8635057 Statue of Pallas Athena by Phidias (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Statue of Pallas Athena by the ancient Greek sculptor Phidias)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Defile of Thermopylae, Greece (engraving)

Defile of Thermopylae, Greece (engraving)
8635031 Defile of Thermopylae, Greece (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Defile of Thermopylae, Greece. Illustration from Hellas)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Battlefield of Marathon, Greece (engraving)

Battlefield of Marathon, Greece (engraving)
8635028 Battlefield of Marathon, Greece (engraving) by Doussault, Charles (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Battlefield of Marathon, Greece. Illustration from Hellas)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Miltiades, ancient Greek general and politician (engraving)

Miltiades, ancient Greek general and politician (engraving)
8635027 Miltiades, ancient Greek general and politician (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Miltiades (c550-489 BC)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: Miltiades at the Battle of Marathon (engraving)

Miltiades at the Battle of Marathon (engraving)
8635025 Miltiades at the Battle of Marathon (engraving) by Leutemann, Heinrich (1824-1905); Private Collection; (add.info.: Miltiades at the Battle of Marathon, Greece, 490 BC)

Background imageFifth Century Bc Collection: The advance of civilisation, BC 400 (colour litho)

The advance of civilisation, BC 400 (colour litho)
8656546 The advance of civilisation, BC 400 (colour litho) by Moreland, Arthur (1876-1951); Private Collection; (add.info.: The advance of civilisation, BC 400. Man painting himself with woad)




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The fifth century BC was a time of great artistic and intellectual achievements. Figures like Pythagoras and Euclid revolutionized the world of mathematics, while masterpieces like the marble tile depicting their genius continue to inspire awe even today. In the realm of pottery, the Kylix from around 500 BC showcases exquisite craftsmanship on ceramic. Its intricate design transports us back to an era where every detail mattered. Sculptures also played a significant role in capturing the essence of this period. The limestone sculpture of a Persian head, dating between 500-450 BC, offers a glimpse into ancient Persia's rich cultural heritage. Another remarkable statue is that of Darius from the Achaemenid period. Carved out of granite, it stands as a testament to the grandeur and power associated with this era. Head on a herm known as Aristophanes, made in marble during the 1st century AD, immortalizes one of Greece's greatest playwrights. It serves as both an artistic masterpiece and homage to Aristophanes' contribution to literature. Architecture flourished during this time too. The main staircase at Persepolis Tripylon exemplifies Achaemenid construction techniques using stone materials that have stood against time's test for centuries. Portraits were not limited to individuals but extended to honor influential figures such as Sophocles through herms like Solon carved in marble during either the 1st or 2nd century AD. Funerary steles also held significance in commemorating loved ones lost. The Thasos funerary stele crafted from marble between 470-460 BC reflects how art served as solace for grieving families during ancient times. Moving beyond sculptures and paintings, "Ahasuerus" painted by an unknown artist in 1876 captures historical events through oil on canvas medium—showcasing how art evolves over centuries yet continues telling stories across generations.