Iroquois Confederacy Collection

NATI2A-00044
Map of the Six Iroquois Nations in Pennsylvania and New York, 1771. Hand-colored woodcut reproduction of an 18th-century document

John Skenandoa, also known as Shenandoah, c. 1706 - 1816. A chief of the Oneida tribe, one of the five founding nations of the Iroquois Confederacy

Iroquois Indians of Canada, 1818
6338267 Iroquois Indians of Canada, 1818 by English School, (18th century); (add.info.: Iroquois Indians of Canada, 1818. The man carries a musket, bow and quiver of arrows)

Village of the Susquehanna People, Susquehanna River (engraving detail
PNP245696 Village of the Susquehanna People, Susquehanna River (engraving detail) published as inset in Hermann Molls " A New map of the north parts of American claimed by France" 1720 by

Iroquois Village, 1651 (engraving)
PNP246105 Iroquois Village, 1651 (engraving) by Visscher, Nicolaes (Claes) Jansz (1586-1652); Private Collection; Peter Newark American Pictures; Dutch, out of copyright

Joseph Brant (1742-1807) Chief of the Mohawks (colour litho)
PNP246102 Joseph Brant (1742-1807) Chief of the Mohawks (colour litho) by American School; Private Collection; (add.info.: British military officer)

Central Council House of the Iroquois, from Houses
PNP245697 Central Council House of the Iroquois, from Houses and House Life of the American Aborigines, 1881 (coloured engraving) by American School

NATI2A-00163
Native American longhouses on Manhattan Island before the arrival of Dutch settlers. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

NATI2A-00036
Totem, or tribe-mark, of the Five Iroquuois Nations. Hand-colored woodcut reproduction of an illustration in La Hontan, 1600s

Iroquois Nations map, 1600s
French map of the Five Iroquois Nations homeland and Fort Orange (Albany), 1660s. Hand-colored woodcut of a 17th-century illustration

Tac Yec Neen Ho Gar Ton, Emperor of the Six Nations, 1710 (oil on canvas)
BAL2527 Tac Yec Neen Ho Gar Ton, Emperor of the Six Nations, 1710 (oil on canvas) by Verelst, Johannes or Jan (b.1648-fl.1719); Private Collection; Dutch, out of copyright

IROQUOIS SACHEM, 1710. Tee Yee Neen Ho Ga Row, a Mohawk chief. Oil on canvas, 1710, by Jan Verelst

NATI2A-00099
Totems of various New York tribes, including bear, wolf, turtle, deer, and beaver. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

NATI2A-00101
Iroquois woman pounding dried corn in a large wooden mortar in her cabin, 1890s. Hand-colored halftone reproduction of a 19th-century illustration

NATI2A-00104
Iroquois longhouse. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

EVNT2A-00144
British treaty with members of the Six Nations known as the Iroquois Confederation 1769. Watercolor wash on a woodcut reproduction of the treaty document

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The Iroquois Confederacy, also known as the Haudenosaunee, was a powerful alliance of Native American tribes that played a significant role in shaping the history of North America. Founded by five nations - Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca - this confederacy established a unique system of governance that influenced democratic principles. One notable figure within the Iroquois Confederacy was John Skenandoa, or Shenandoah. As chief of the Oneida tribe during the 18th century, he demonstrated his allegiance to different sides during times of conflict. Supporting the British in the Seven Years War and later backing colonial forces during the Revolutionary War showcased his adaptability and strategic thinking. Shenandoah's influence extended beyond warfare; it is believed that George Washington honored him by naming the Shenandoah River after him. This recognition highlights their relationship and mutual respect between indigenous leaders and early American figures. Engravings from 1818 depict scenes of Iroquois Indians in Canada living their daily lives. These images provide glimpses into their vibrant culture and traditional practices passed down through generations. Another engraving showcases an Iroquois village along the Susquehanna River in exquisite detail from 1651. The meticulous artistry captures not only architectural aspects but also offers insight into community dynamics within these settlements. Joseph Brant emerges as another prominent figure among the Iroquois people. As Chief of Mohawks during tumultuous times like colonization efforts by European powers, Brant navigated complex political landscapes while striving to protect his people's interests. The Central Council House served as a symbolic center for decision-making within this confederacy—a place where representatives from each nation gathered to discuss matters affecting all member tribes' welfare. Maps dating back to the 1600s illustrate how expansive and influential this confederacy was across vast territories.