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Natural History Of European Butterflies Collection

The natural history of European butterflies is a fascinating journey through the diverse landscapes and ecosystems of the continent

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Wood leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina, sallow kitten, Furcula furcula, iron prominent

Wood leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina, sallow kitten, Furcula furcula, iron prominent, Notodonta dromedarius
FLO4671142 Wood leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina, sallow kitten, Furcula furcula, iron prominent, Notodonta dromedarius, pebble prominent, Notodonta ziczac, and lesser swallow prominent, Pheosia gnoma

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Brown tiger moth, Hyphoraia aulica, cream-spot tiger moth, Epicallia villica, ruby tiger

Brown tiger moth, Hyphoraia aulica, cream-spot tiger moth, Epicallia villica, ruby tiger, Phragmatobia fuliginosa
FLO4671107 Brown tiger moth, Hyphoraia aulica, cream-spot tiger moth, Epicallia villica, ruby tiger, Phragmatobia fuliginosa, and muslin moth, Diaphora mendica

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Convolvulus hawkmoth, Agrius convolvuli and privet hawkmoth, Sphinx ligustri

Convolvulus hawkmoth, Agrius convolvuli and privet hawkmoth, Sphinx ligustri
FLO4671091 Convolvulus hawkmoth, Agrius convolvuli and privet hawkmoth, Sphinx ligustri. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an illustration by Alexis Nicolas Noel

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Great banded grayling, Brintesia circe, hermit, Chazara briseis, and eastern rock grayling

Great banded grayling, Brintesia circe, hermit, Chazara briseis, and eastern rock grayling
FLO4670977 Great banded grayling, Brintesia circe, hermit, Chazara briseis, and eastern rock grayling, Hipparchia syriaca butterfly

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Silver-washed fritillary butterflies, Argynnis paphia and Argynnis paphia valezina

Silver-washed fritillary butterflies, Argynnis paphia and Argynnis paphia valezina, and Niobe fritillary
FLO4670951 Silver-washed fritillary butterflies, Argynnis paphia and Argynnis paphia valezina, and Niobe fritillary, Argynnis niobe

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: High brown fritillary, Fabriciana adippe, dark green fritillary, Argynnis aglaja

High brown fritillary, Fabriciana adippe, dark green fritillary, Argynnis aglaja, and Queen of Spain fritillary
FLO4670899 High brown fritillary, Fabriciana adippe, dark green fritillary, Argynnis aglaja, and Queen of Spain fritillary, Issoria lathonia

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Green-veined white, Pieris napi, small white, Pieris rapae, mountain clouded yellow

Green-veined white, Pieris napi, small white, Pieris rapae, mountain clouded yellow, Colias phicomone
FLO4670871 Green-veined white, Pieris napi, small white, Pieris rapae, mountain clouded yellow, Colias phicomone, and dark-veined white, Pieris bryoniae

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Camberwell beauty, Nymphalis antiopa, peacock butterfly, Aglais io, and red admiral

Camberwell beauty, Nymphalis antiopa, peacock butterfly, Aglais io, and red admiral, Vanessa atalanta
FLO4670830 Camberwell beauty, Nymphalis antiopa, peacock butterfly, Aglais io, and red admiral, Vanessa atalanta. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an illustration by Alexis

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Light crimson underwing, Catocala promissa, old lady, Mormo maura, drinker, Euthrix potatoria

Light crimson underwing, Catocala promissa, old lady, Mormo maura, drinker, Euthrix potatoria, and yellow-tail
FLO4671148 Light crimson underwing, Catocala promissa, old lady, Mormo maura, drinker, Euthrix potatoria, and yellow-tail, Euproctis similis

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Butterfly collector's tools from the 18th century: aerial net on a cane 1, scissors with racquets 2

Butterfly collector's tools from the 18th century: aerial net on a cane 1, scissors with racquets 2
FLO4671146 Butterfly collector's tools from the 18th century: aerial net on a cane 1, scissors with racquets 2, small preservative brush 6, and soft brush to remove dust 9

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Title page with decorative calligraphy among flowers and butterflies

Title page with decorative calligraphy among flowers and butterflies. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet
FLO4670815 Title page with decorative calligraphy among flowers and butterflies. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an illustration by Alexis Nicolas Noel from Hippolyte Lucas

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Satyrus arachne, Satyrus evias, spring ringlet, Erebia epistgyne (vulnerable), and marbled ringlet

Satyrus arachne, Satyrus evias, spring ringlet, Erebia epistgyne (vulnerable), and marbled ringlet
FLO4671062 Satyrus arachne, Satyrus evias, spring ringlet, Erebia epistgyne (vulnerable), and marbled ringlet, Erebia montana goante

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Death's Head hawkmoth, Acherontia atropos, and oak hawkmoth, Marumba quercus

Death's Head hawkmoth, Acherontia atropos, and oak hawkmoth, Marumba quercus
FLO4671033 Death's Head hawkmoth, Acherontia atropos, and oak hawkmoth, Marumba quercus. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an illustration by Alexis Nicolas Noel

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Dryad, Minois dryas, striped grayling, Hipparchia fidia, and great sooty satyr, Satyrus ferula

Dryad, Minois dryas, striped grayling, Hipparchia fidia, and great sooty satyr, Satyrus ferula
FLO4670980 Dryad, Minois dryas, striped grayling, Hipparchia fidia, and great sooty satyr, Satyrus ferula. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an illustration by Alexis Nicolas

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Cardinal butterfly, Argynnis pandora, dorsal and ventral views

Cardinal butterfly, Argynnis pandora, dorsal and ventral views. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers
FLO4670958 Cardinal butterfly, Argynnis pandora, dorsal and ventral views. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an illustration by Alexis Nicolas Noel from Hippolyte Lucas

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Black satyr, Satyrus actaea, Norse grayling, Oeneis norna, and grayling, Hipparchia semele, female

Black satyr, Satyrus actaea, Norse grayling, Oeneis norna, and grayling, Hipparchia semele, female
FLO4670948 Black satyr, Satyrus actaea, Norse grayling, Oeneis norna, and grayling, Hipparchia semele, female. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an illustration by Alexis

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Mountain apollo, Parnassius apollo, vulnerable, small apollo, Parnassius phoebus, and clouded apollo

Mountain apollo, Parnassius apollo, vulnerable, small apollo, Parnassius phoebus, and clouded apollo
FLO4670939 Mountain apollo, Parnassius apollo, vulnerable, small apollo, Parnassius phoebus, and clouded apollo, Parnassius mnemosyne

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Two-tailed pasha or foxy emperor, Charaxes jasius, dorsal and ventral views

Two-tailed pasha or foxy emperor, Charaxes jasius, dorsal and ventral views
FLO4670904 Two-tailed pasha or foxy emperor, Charaxes jasius, dorsal and ventral views. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an illustration by Alexis Nicolas Noel

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Moorland clouded yellow, Colias palaeno, cleopatra butterfly, Gonepteryx cleopatra

Moorland clouded yellow, Colias palaeno, cleopatra butterfly, Gonepteryx cleopatra, and pale clouded yellow
FLO4670852 Moorland clouded yellow, Colias palaeno, cleopatra butterfly, Gonepteryx cleopatra, and pale clouded yellow, Colias hyale

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Orange tip, Anthocharis cardamines, male and female, sooty orange tip, Zegris eupheme

Orange tip, Anthocharis cardamines, male and female, sooty orange tip, Zegris eupheme, and wood white
FLO4670831 Orange tip, Anthocharis cardamines, male and female, sooty orange tip, Zegris eupheme, and wood white, Leptidea sinapis

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Lime hawkmoth, Mimas tiliae, eyed hawkmoth, Smerinthus ocellatus, and poplar hawkmoth

Lime hawkmoth, Mimas tiliae, eyed hawkmoth, Smerinthus ocellatus, and poplar hawkmoth, Laothoe populi
FLO4671098 Lime hawkmoth, Mimas tiliae, eyed hawkmoth, Smerinthus ocellatus, and poplar hawkmoth, Laothoe populi. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an illustration by Alexis

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Scotch argus, Erebia aethiops, large ringlet, Erebia euryale, autumn ringlet

Scotch argus, Erebia aethiops, large ringlet, Erebia euryale, autumn ringlet, Erebia neoridas (ventral)
FLO4671055 Scotch argus, Erebia aethiops, large ringlet, Erebia euryale, autumn ringlet, Erebia neoridas (ventral), and Arran brown, Erebia ligea (ventral)

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Marbled white, Melanargia galathea, Iberian marbled white, Melanargia lachesis

Marbled white, Melanargia galathea, Iberian marbled white, Melanargia lachesis
FLO4671021 Marbled white, Melanargia galathea, Iberian marbled white, Melanargia lachesis, Melanargia clotho and western marbled white, Melanargia occitanica

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Seathorn hawk-moth, Hyles hippophaes, dusky hawkmoth, Hyles vespertilio, and spurge hawkmoth

Seathorn hawk-moth, Hyles hippophaes, dusky hawkmoth, Hyles vespertilio, and spurge hawkmoth, Hyles euphorbiae
FLO4671011 Seathorn hawk-moth, Hyles hippophaes, dusky hawkmoth, Hyles vespertilio, and spurge hawkmoth, Hyles euphorbiae

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Woodland brown, Lopinga achine, large brown wall, Lasiommata maera, and wall butterfly

Woodland brown, Lopinga achine, large brown wall, Lasiommata maera, and wall butterfly, Lasiommata megera
FLO4671002 Woodland brown, Lopinga achine, large brown wall, Lasiommata maera, and wall butterfly, Lasiommata megera. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an illustration by

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Large tortoiseshell, Nymphalis polychloros, small tortoiseshell, Aglais urticae, and comma butterfly

Large tortoiseshell, Nymphalis polychloros, small tortoiseshell, Aglais urticae, and comma butterfly
FLO4670840 Large tortoiseshell, Nymphalis polychloros, small tortoiseshell, Aglais urticae, and comma butterfly, Polygonia c-album

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Buff-tip, Phalera bucephala, poplar lappet, Gastropacha populifolia, and lappet moth

Buff-tip, Phalera bucephala, poplar lappet, Gastropacha populifolia, and lappet moth, Gastropacha quercifolia
FLO4671132 Buff-tip, Phalera bucephala, poplar lappet, Gastropacha populifolia, and lappet moth, Gastropacha quercifolia. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an illustration by

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Broad-bordered bee hawkmoth, Hemaris fuciformis, narrow-bordered bee hawkmoth, Hemaris tityus

Broad-bordered bee hawkmoth, Hemaris fuciformis, narrow-bordered bee hawkmoth, Hemaris tityus, hummingbird hawkmoth
FLO4671076 Broad-bordered bee hawkmoth, Hemaris fuciformis, narrow-bordered bee hawkmoth, Hemaris tityus, hummingbird hawkmoth, Macroglossum stellatarum, and willowherb hawkmoth

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Vine hawkmoth, Hippotion celerio, Mediterranean hawkmoth, Hyles nicaea, and small elephant hawkmoth

Vine hawkmoth, Hippotion celerio, Mediterranean hawkmoth, Hyles nicaea, and small elephant hawkmoth
FLO4671074 Vine hawkmoth, Hippotion celerio, Mediterranean hawkmoth, Hyles nicaea, and small elephant hawkmoth, Deilephila porcellus

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Bedstraw hawkmoth or galium sphinx, Hyles gallii, elephant hawkmoth, Deilephila elpenor

Bedstraw hawkmoth or galium sphinx, Hyles gallii, elephant hawkmoth, Deilephila elpenor, and pine hawkmoth
FLO4671057 Bedstraw hawkmoth or galium sphinx, Hyles gallii, elephant hawkmoth, Deilephila elpenor, and pine hawkmoth, Sphinx pinastri

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Marbled fritillary, Brenthis daphne, lesser marbled fritillary, Brenthis ino

Marbled fritillary, Brenthis daphne, lesser marbled fritillary, Brenthis ino, pearl-bordered fritillary
FLO4670937 Marbled fritillary, Brenthis daphne, lesser marbled fritillary, Brenthis ino, pearl-bordered fritillary, Boloria euphrosyne, and violet fritillary, Boloria dia

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Southern festoon, Zerynthia polyxena, Spanish festoon, Zerynthia rumina, false apollo

Southern festoon, Zerynthia polyxena, Spanish festoon, Zerynthia rumina, false apollo, Archon apollinus
FLO4670926 Southern festoon, Zerynthia polyxena, Spanish festoon, Zerynthia rumina, false apollo, Archon apollinus, and eastern festoon, Allancastria cerisyi

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Map butterflies, Araschnia levana and Araschnia levana prorsa

Map butterflies, Araschnia levana and Araschnia levana prorsa, and European beak or net-tree butterfly, Libyan celtis
FLO4670816 Map butterflies, Araschnia levana and Araschnia levana prorsa, and European beak or net-tree butterfly, Libyan celtis

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Oleander hawkmoth, Daphnis nerii, and hummingbird moth or white-lined sphinx

Oleander hawkmoth, Daphnis nerii, and hummingbird moth or white-lined sphinx
FLO4671041 Oleander hawkmoth, Daphnis nerii, and hummingbird moth or white-lined sphinx. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an illustration by Alexis Nicolas Noel

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Old World swallowtail, Papilio machaon, and alexanor or southern swallowtail, Papilio alexanor

Old World swallowtail, Papilio machaon, and alexanor or southern swallowtail, Papilio alexanor
FLO4670919 Old World swallowtail, Papilio machaon, and alexanor or southern swallowtail, Papilio alexanor. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an illustration by Alexis Nicolas

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Purple emperor butterfly, Apatura iris, ventral and dorsal, and lesser purple emperor, Apatura ilia

Purple emperor butterfly, Apatura iris, ventral and dorsal, and lesser purple emperor, Apatura ilia
FLO4670895 Purple emperor butterfly, Apatura iris, ventral and dorsal, and lesser purple emperor, Apatura ilia. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an illustration by Alexis

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: White admiral, Limenitis camilla, dorsal and ventral, and southern white admiral, Limenitis reducta

White admiral, Limenitis camilla, dorsal and ventral, and southern white admiral, Limenitis reducta
FLO4670837 White admiral, Limenitis camilla, dorsal and ventral, and southern white admiral, Limenitis reducta. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an illustration by Alexis

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Painted lady, Vanessa cardui, false comma, Nymphalis vaualbum, and comma butterfly variety

Painted lady, Vanessa cardui, false comma, Nymphalis vaualbum, and comma butterfly variety, Polygonia c-album
FLO4670835 Painted lady, Vanessa cardui, false comma, Nymphalis vaualbum, and comma butterfly variety, Polygonia c-album. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an illustration by

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Butterfly collector's tools from the 18th century: pins 3, curved needle to support antennae 5

Butterfly collector's tools from the 18th century: pins 3, curved needle to support antennae 5
FLO4671158 Butterfly collector's tools from the 18th century: pins 3, curved needle to support antennae 5, clockmaker's tweezers 7, entomologist's tweezers 8, pliers 10, pin cutters 11

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Blue underwing, Catocala fraxini, red underwing, Catocala nupta, and dark crimson underwing

Blue underwing, Catocala fraxini, red underwing, Catocala nupta, and dark crimson underwing, Catocala sponsa
FLO4671157 Blue underwing, Catocala fraxini, red underwing, Catocala nupta, and dark crimson underwing, Catocala sponsa. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an illustration by

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Giant emperor moth, Saturnia pyri (Pavonia major). Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet

Giant emperor moth, Saturnia pyri (Pavonia major). Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an
FLO4671135 Giant emperor moth, Saturnia pyri (Pavonia major). Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an illustration by Alexis Nicolas Noel from Hippolyte Lucas Natural History of

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Small emperor moth, Saturnia pavonia, male and female, and tau emperor, Aglia tau

Small emperor moth, Saturnia pavonia, male and female, and tau emperor, Aglia tau
FLO4671125 Small emperor moth, Saturnia pavonia, male and female, and tau emperor, Aglia tau. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an illustration by Alexis Nicolas Noel

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Tiger moth, Atlantarctia tigrina, garden tiger moth, Arctia caja, and hebe tiger moth

Tiger moth, Atlantarctia tigrina, garden tiger moth, Arctia caja, and hebe tiger moth, Arctic festiva
FLO4671096 Tiger moth, Atlantarctia tigrina, garden tiger moth, Arctia caja, and hebe tiger moth, Arctic festiva. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an illustration by Alexis

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Scarlet tiger moth, Callimorpha dominula, clouded buff, Diacrisia sannio, wood tiger

Scarlet tiger moth, Callimorpha dominula, clouded buff, Diacrisia sannio, wood tiger, Parasemia plantaginis
FLO4671081 Scarlet tiger moth, Callimorpha dominula, clouded buff, Diacrisia sannio, wood tiger, Parasemia plantaginis, and purple tiger, Rhyparia purpurata

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Blind ringlet, Erebia pharte, almond-eyed ringlet, Erebia alberganus, Piedmont ringlet

Blind ringlet, Erebia pharte, almond-eyed ringlet, Erebia alberganus, Piedmont ringlet, Erebia meolans
FLO4671048 Blind ringlet, Erebia pharte, almond-eyed ringlet, Erebia alberganus, Piedmont ringlet, Erebia meolans, and sooty ringlet, Erebia pluto

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Meadow brown, Maniola jurtina, eudore, Satyrus eudora, ringlet, Epinephele hyperanthus

Meadow brown, Maniola jurtina, eudore, Satyrus eudora, ringlet, Epinephele hyperanthus, and speckled wood
FLO4671018 Meadow brown, Maniola jurtina, eudore, Satyrus eudora, ringlet, Epinephele hyperanthus, and speckled wood, Pararge aegeria

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Scarce swallowtail, Iphiclides podalirius, and unknown swallowtail

Scarce swallowtail, Iphiclides podalirius, and unknown swallowtail. (Eastern tiger swallowtail, Papilio glaucus)
FLO4670918 Scarce swallowtail, Iphiclides podalirius, and unknown swallowtail. (Eastern tiger swallowtail, Papilio glaucus)

Background imageNatural History Of European Butterflies Collection: Poplar admiral, Limenitis populi, common glider, Neptis sappho, and Hungarian glider

Poplar admiral, Limenitis populi, common glider, Neptis sappho, and Hungarian glider, Neptis rivularis
FLO4670888 Poplar admiral, Limenitis populi, common glider, Neptis sappho, and Hungarian glider, Neptis rivularis. Handcoloured steel engraving by the Pauquet brothers after an illustration by Alexis




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The natural history of European butterflies is a fascinating journey through the diverse landscapes and ecosystems of the continent. From the vibrant meadows of Spain to the ancient forests of Germany, these delicate creatures have evolved unique adaptations to survive and thrive in their environments. European butterflies are known for their stunning array of colors and patterns, which serve as both camouflage and warning signals to predators. They undergo a remarkable transformation from egg to caterpillar to chrysalis before emerging as beautiful winged insects. Butterflies play a crucial role in pollination, helping to sustain plant life and biodiversity across Europe. Their intricate relationships with plants, birds, and other insects make them an essential part of the ecosystem. Unfortunately, many species of European butterflies are facing threats from habitat loss, climate change, and pollution. Conservation efforts are underway to protect these iconic insects and ensure they continue to grace our skies for generations to come. Next time you spot a butterfly fluttering by, take a moment to appreciate its natural beauty and significance in the rich tapestry of European wildlife. Let's work together to preserve the natural history of European butterflies for future generations to enjoy.