Physiological Collection (#15)

Melatonin brain function, artwork
Melatonin brain function. Artwork showing how the hormone melatonin (blue spheres) is secreted in the brain and helps to control the bodys biological clock

Heart valves, artwork
Heart valves. Cutaway artwork of the inside of the heart, showing the various valves. The first two artworks (left and centre) show the atrioventricular valves between the hearts atria (top)

Nerve cell and axon, diagram
Nerve cell and axon. Diagram showing how the input to a nerve cell (neuron) through dendrites (shown by arrows at upper left) is transmitted (yellow arrow) along the nerve cells axon (across bottom)

Intestinal anatomy, artwork
Intestinal anatomy. Computer artwork showing the layers of the small intestine. The central space (lumen) is surrounded by the mucosa (beige, folded), which has numerous folds (villi)

Respiratory tract, artwork
Respiratory tract. Computer artwork showing the various stages and structures of the human respiratory tract. Air is drawn in through the oral and/or nasal cavities, and passes down the trachea

Normal head, cone beam CT scan. Front view of a dental patients head. The scan was produced using a cone beam x-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner

Abdominal aortic aneurysm, artwork
Abdominal aortic aneurysm. Computer artwork showing a large aneurysm (round, centre) in the abdominal section of the aorta

Shin splints, artwork
Shin splints. Computer artwork of a lower leg showing an area of the tibia (shin bone) affected by medial tibial stress syndrome, or shin splints

Stem cell therapy, artwork
Stem cell therapy. Artwork showing stem cells (in green cylinder) being added to a patients bloodstream in the region of the liver (brown)

Penguins mating, artwork. The penguins reproductive organs are shown here, with the male on top and the female on the bottom

Edoardo Perroncito, Italian physician
Edoardo Perroncito (1847Ôé¼" 1936), Italian physician, veterinarian and parasitologist. Perroncito is credited, along with Luigi Pagliani (1847Ôé¼" 1931)

Retinal rod cell anatomy, diagram

Bowmans capsule, diagram
Bowmans capsule. Diagram showing the anatomical structure of a Bowmans capsule and glomerulus in a kidney

Lung alveolus, artwork
Lung alveolus, computer artwork. Alveoli are the site of gas exchange in the lungs of mammals, where oxygen is taken up and carbon dioxide released

Vestibular ciliated cells, diagram
Vestibular ciliated cells. Diagram of the anatomical structure and function of the vestibular ciliated cells found in the inner ear that help sense and control of balance

Human lungs. Anatomical artwork of the human lungs and respiratory system. The heart (which has been removed here) is located between the lungs

Brain anatomy, diagram
Brain anatomy. Diagram of the underside (ventral aspect) of the brain, showing the anatomical structure of the various components

Milk-producing cell, artwork
Milk-producing cell. Artwork of the anatomical structure of a lacteal (milk-producing) cell. Normal cell organelles include the nucleus (black, centre), the golgi apparatus (white)

Taste bud anatomy, diagram
Taste bud anatomy. Diagram of the anatomical structure of a taste bud on a tongue. The surface of the tongue is at bottom, with the tastebud (rounded structure) at centre

Semicircular canal, artwork
Semicircular canal. Artwork of the anatomical structure of the semicircular duct or canal, a structure in the inner ear that help detect head movements

Semicircular canal, diagram
Semicircular canal. Diagram of the anatomical structure of the semicircular duct or canal, a structure in the inner ear that help detect head movements

Vestibular ciliated cells, artwork
Vestibular ciliated cells. Artwork of the anatomical structure and function of the vestibular ciliated cells found in the inner ear that help sense and control of balance

Elie Metchnikoff, Russian biologist
Elie Metchnikoff (1845-1916), Russian biologist and Nobel laureate. Metchnikoff, also known as Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, is best known for his pioneering research into the immune system

Capillary, artwork
Capillary. Artwork showing the anatomical structure of a capillary seen in cross-section

Retinal rod cell anatomy, artwork
Retinal rod cell anatomy. Artwork of the external (left) and internal (right) anatomical structure of a retinal cell. These cells are found in the retina that lines the back of the eyes

Muscle contraction, artwork
Muscle contraction. Artwork showing the mechanism for muscle contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscle. At top right troponin (T, C, I) is bound to tropomyosin (red)

Nerve cell with electrical sparks
Nerve cell. Conceptual computer artwork of a nerve cell, also called a neuron emitting electrical sparks. Neurons are responsible for passing information around the central nervous system (CNS)

Milk-producing cell, diagram
Milk-producing cell. Diagram of the anatomical structure of a lacteal (milk-producing) cell. Normal cell organelles include the nucleus (black, centre), the golgi apparatus (white)

Glomerular anatomy, diagram
Glomerular anatomy. Diagram of the anatomical structure of a glomerulus in a kidney

Bronchus and bronchioles, artwork
Bronchus and bronchioles. Artwork of the anatomical structure of the bronchi and their bronchioles, the main aspects of the respiratory system

Annelid worm anatomy. Computer artwork showing the internal anatomy of 3 segments (metameres) from an annelid (segmented) worms body

Activated platelets, artwork
Activated platelets. Artwork of platelets (thrombocytes) that have been activated. Platelets are part of the blood. When a blood vessel is damaged

Human fertilisation, artwork
Human fertilization. Artwork of a single sperm cell (spermatozoon) attempting to fertilise a human egg cell (ovum, round, lower right). The sperm cell consists of a head section and a tail section

Spallanzanis digestion experiment. Historical artwork of an experiment on digestion carried out by the Italian biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729-1799)

Neuromuscular junctions, artwork
Neuromuscular junctions. Computer artwork of junctions between nerves (thread-like objects) and a muscle (purple surface)

Football kick, skeleton artwork
Football kick. Computer artwork showing a skeleton in the process of kicking a football (not seen). The outline of the body can also be seen

Synapses, artwork
Synapses. Computer artwork of synapses, the junctions between the ends (green, swollen) of two nerve cells (neurons). Signals are passed along nerve cells in the form of an electrical impulse

African elephant eye and skin
Elephant eye and skin. Close up of the eye of an African elephant (Loxodonta africana). The long eyelashes are to protect the eyes from dust and insects

Albrecht von Haller, Swiss anatomist
Albrecht von Haller (1708-1777), Swiss anatomist and physiologist. Von Haller worked on the nervous system, and recognised the tendency of muscle fibres to contract when stimulated

Lung alveoli and red blood cells, TEM
Lung alveoli and red blood cells. Coloured transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of a section through lung alveoli (blue) and red blood cells (red)

Lung alveoli and blood cells, TEM
Lung alveoli and blood cells. Coloured transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of a section through lung alveoli and blood cells

Asthma and mucus overproduction, artwork
Asthma and mucus overproduction. Artwork showing how the bodys immune response causes the inflammation seen in asthma. The chest of a human figure is at top right

Kidney glomerulus surface, SEM
Kidney glomerulus surface. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of podocyte cells (orange) on the surface of a kidney glomerulus. These have branching processes (pedicles) that interlock

William Harvey lecturing on circulation
William Harvey (1578-1657), English physician, dissecting an animal during a lecture on the circulation of blood. By 1616 Harvey had dissected 80 species of animals

William Harvey, English physician
William Harvey (1578-1657), English physician. Harvey is considered the founder of modern physiology for his work on the circulation of the blood

Organic food, conceptual image. Cut-out diagram of a mans head and digestive system, attached to a wooden background. Fruit and vegetables, and plastic sheep and pigs

Insulin-like growth 1 factor molecule
Insulin-like growth factor 1 molecule. Computer model showing the structure of a molecule of the hormone insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)

Thyroid-stimulating hormone molecule. Computer model showing the structure of a molecule of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

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"Exploring the Intricacies of Physiology: From Airpumps to Blood Cells" Delving into the world of physiology, we uncover a fascinating array of scientific discoveries and visual wonders. Joseph Wright's masterpiece, "The Airpump, " captures the essence of early physiological experiments, showcasing humanity's thirst for knowledge. Intricate synapse nerve junctions depicted through Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) reveal the intricate communication network within our bodies. These microscopic connections enable seamless transmission of signals between neurons, shaping our thoughts and actions. Moving upwards to the head, we encounter an astonishing view of the muscular system. The complexity and precision required for even simple movements become apparent as ligaments intertwine with bones in perfect harmony. Venturing deeper into female physiology, a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) reveals the uterus lining during menstruation. This glimpse into nature's cyclical process sheds light on one aspect of womanhood that has both fascinated and perplexed scientists throughout history. Stepping away from biology but still within the realm of physiology, lie detector tests emerge as tools to decipher truth from deception. By monitoring physiological responses such as heart rate and perspiration levels, these tests attempt to unravel hidden truths buried within our bodies. Returning to cellular structures through TEM imaging once again unveils rough endoplasmic reticulum - a vital component responsible for protein synthesis in cells. Its intricate web-like structure showcases nature's elegance at work. Tracing back centuries ago brings us to Descartes' optics theory from the 17th century - an exploration into how vision is perceived by our eyes and interpreted by our brains. This groundbreaking theory laid foundations for understanding human perception today. Transitioning towards physicality itself leads us to skeletons intertwined with ligaments - providing structural support while allowing flexibility in movement. These silent heroes ensure smooth locomotion throughout life's journey.