Pioneered Collection

MONTESSORI (1870 - 1952)
Doctor MARIA MONTESSORI Italian medical and educator, first woman in Italy to obtain a medical degree; pioneered child education methods

Sir Alan Cobham (1894 - 1973), English aviation pioneer. In the 1930s, when this photograph was taken (with his wife?), he pioneered inflight refuelling. Date: 1930s

William Scoresby
WILLIAM SCORESBY English clergyman, scientist and explorer. Pioneered in the scientific study of the Arctic

Sir Benjamin Brodie
Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie (1783-1862) 1st Baronet, an English physiologist and surgeon who pioneered research into bone and joint disease. Date: 1875

The Tower Subway
The second oldest tunnel running under the Thames, running between Tower Hill on the north side of the river, through to Vine Lane on the south side of the river (just to the west of Tower Bridge)

Franz Josef Gall
FRANZ JOSEF GALL German physician who pioneered the science of phrenology - Founder of the Doctrine of the Physiology of the Brain. Date: 1758 - 1828

Olivier De Serres
OLIVIER DE SERRES French agronomist who created a medel farm at Pradel, introduced new plants from other countries, and pioneered new farming methods

John Grubb Richardson
JOHN GRUBB RICHARDSON Irish linen manufacturer and philanthropist who loathed factory towns and pioneered the model village concept in their place. Date: circa 1845

John Frederick William Herschel (1792-1871), English scientist and astronomer, c1870. Son of the astronomer William Herschel (1738-1822), he continued his fathers work

Gustave Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887), German physicist. Together with Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (1811-1899) he pioneered spectrum analysis, and formulated two laws governing electric networks

Ambroise Pare in the army, artwork
Ambroise Pare serving in the army. Historical artwork showing the French surgeon Ambroise Pare (1510-1590, centre right), amputating an injured soldiers leg

Charles Green / Aeronaut
CHARLES GREEN English aeronaut who pioneered the use of coal gas in place of hydrogen in hot air balloons

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"Pioneers of their Time: From Montessori to Kirchhoff, the Trailblazers Who Shaped History" Maria Montessori (1870 - 1952): Revolutionized education with her innovative teaching methods that focused on child-centered learning. William Scoresby: A renowned Arctic explorer who pioneered scientific research in polar regions, contributing valuable knowledge about weather patterns and oceanography. Sir Alan Cobham: An aviation pioneer who popularized long-distance air travel and aerial refueling techniques, revolutionizing the field of aviation. Franz Josef Gall: Considered the founder of phrenology, a pseudoscience that claimed personality traits could be determined by examining the shape and size of different areas of the skull. Sir Benjamin Brodie: A prominent surgeon known for his groundbreaking work in orthopedics and his contributions to modern surgical techniques. The Tower Subway: The world's first underground railway tunnel, opened in 1870 beneath the River Thames in London, paving the way for future subway systems worldwide. John Grubb Richardson: A visionary entrepreneur who played a key role in developing early steam-powered ships and advancing maritime transportation during the Industrial Revolution era. Olivier De Serres: Often referred to as "the father of modern agriculture, " he pioneered new farming techniques and introduced crop rotation practices that significantly improved agricultural productivity. John Frederick William Herschel (1792-1871): An influential scientist and astronomer whose discoveries included infrared radiation and pioneering astronomical photography methods during his time period around c1870. Gustave Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887): Collaborating with Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, Kirchhoff formulated fundamental laws governing electrical circuits and spectroscopy, laying foundations for modern physics advancements.