Pleistocene Collection (#9)

Scratch mark from Cave Lion C015 / 0675
Cave Bear jaw with scratch mark from Cave Lion. Pleistocene, Romania

Cave Bear vertebra C015 / 0720
Cave Bear vertebra, Pleistocene, Romania

Piltdown Stegodon tooth C016 / 5975
Piltdown Stegodon tooth (item E.596). Part of a molar tooth of the extinct mammal Stegodon. The amateur geologist Charles Dawson (1864-1916) claimed to have found this tooth

Prehistoric human skull (Omo 1) C016 / 5937
Prehistoric human skull (Omo 1). Reconstruction of the modern human (Homo sapiens) skull discovered in 1967 by a team led by Richard Leakey

Woolly rhinoceros horn fossil C016 / 6075
Fossil horn specimen from the extinct woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis)

Woolly rhinoceros horn fossil C016 / 6076
Fossil horn specimen from the extinct woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis)

Piltdown Stegodon tooth C016 / 5973
Piltdown Stegodon tooth (item E.620). Part of a molar tooth of the extinct mammal Stegodon. The amateur geologist Charles Dawson (1864-1916) claimed to have found this tooth

Neanderthal fossil skull La Ferrassie 1 C016 / 0566
Neanderthal fossil skull La Ferrassie 1. This specimen, from an elderly male, dates from around 70, 000 years ago. It was discovered in the Dordogne region in southern France in 1909

Stone Age spatula, Magdalenian culture. This carved prehistoric object is thought to be a spatula, though the attribution is uncertain

Paranthropus robustus and leopard jaw C015 / 6933
Paranthropus robustus skull (SK-54) and leopard jaw (SK-349). These fossils date from around 1.5 million years ago. SK-54 is the skull-cap from a child australopithecine, found in 1949 in Swartkrans

Paranthropus aethiopicus (KNM-WT 17000) C015 / 6932
Paranthropus aethiopicus skull (KNM-WT 17000). This extinct species, a very early part of the human evolutionary tree, is also known as Australopithecus aethiopicus

Homo rudolfensis skull (KNM-ER 1470) C015 / 6930
Homo rudolfensis skull (KNM-ER 1470). This fossil specimen dates from around 1.9 million years ago, and was discovered in 1972 in Koobi Fora, on the eastern shore of Lake Turkana, Kenya

Homo ergaster skull (KNM-ER 3733) C015 / 6927
Homo ergaster skull (KNM-ER 3733). This fossil specimen dates from around 1.8 million years ago, and was discovered in 1975 in Koobi Fora, on the eastern shore of Lake Turkana, Kenya

Homo ergaster skull (SK-847 and SK-15) C015 / 6928
Homo ergaster skull. This skull consists of two fossils: SK-847 (main) and SK-15 (lower jaw). The fossils are those of an extinct species that forms an early part of the human evolutionary tree

Homo heidelbergensis skull, Broken Hill 1 C015 / 6924
Homo heidelbergensis skull. This is the Broken Hill 1 (Kabwe 1) fossil skull, originally classified as Homo rhodesiensis (Rhodesian Man)

Homo heidelbergensis vertebra C015 / 6799
Homo heidelbergensis vertebra. This fossil vertebra was excavated from the Sima de los Huesos pit in the Atapuerca foothills in Spain

Australopithecus africanus skull (STS-71) C015 / 6798
Australopithecus africanus skull. This skull consists of two fossils: STS-71 and STS-36. STS-71 is the upper specimen, discovered in 1947, in Sterkfontein, South Africa

Prehistoric rib bone C015 / 6754
Prehistoric rib bone. This rib bone was found at the TD-6 level in the Gran Dolina cave in the Sierra de Atapuerca foothills near Burgos, Spain

Elephant and mastodon, 19th century C015 / 6096
Elephant and mastodon. 19th-century artwork of an Asian or Indian elephant (top; then Elephas indicus, now E. maximus) and the fossil skeleton of a mastodon (bottom; Mastodon giganteum)

Megatherium skeleton, 19th century C015 / 6070
Megatherium skeleton, 19th-century artwork. This large, extinct ground sloth lived from the Miocene through the Pleistocene epochs from 2 million years ago to 10, 000 years ago

Homo habilis upper jaw (OH 65) C015 / 6686
Homo habilis upper jaw (maxilla) and teeth. This fossil specimen (named OH 65) was found in 1995 at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. It dates to around 1.8 million years ago

Homo habilis upper jaw (OH 65) C015 / 6684
Homo habilis upper jaw (maxilla) and teeth. This fossil specimen (named OH 65) was found in 1995 at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. It dates to around 1.8 million years ago

Homo habilis upper jaw (OH 65) C015 / 6685
Homo habilis upper jaw (maxilla) and teeth. This fossil specimen (named OH 65) was found in 1995 at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. It dates to around 1.8 million years ago

Homo habilis upper jaw (OH 65) C015 / 6666
Homo habilis upper jaw (maxilla) and teeth. This fossil specimen (named OH 65) was found in 1995 at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. It dates to around 1.8 million years ago

Neanderthal tooth C015 / 6610
Neanderthal tooth. Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) inhabited Europe and western Asia between 230, 000 and 29, 000 years ago

Neanderthal tooth C015 / 6643
Neanderthal tooth. Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) inhabited Europe and western Asia between 230, 000 and 29, 000 years ago

Piltdown Stegodon tooth C016 / 5974
Piltdown Stegodon tooth (item E.596). Part of a molar tooth of the extinct mammal Stegodon. The amateur geologist Charles Dawson (1864-1916) claimed to have found this tooth

Homo heidelbergensis arthritic jaw C015 / 6562
Homo heidelbergensis arthritic jaw. Close-up of the condyloid process of the lower jaw (mandible) from fossilised remains of Homo heidelbergensis

Homo heidelbergensis lower jaw C015 / 6561
Homo heidelbergensis lower jaw (mandible) and teeth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis lower jaw C015 / 6560
Homo heidelbergensis lower jaw (mandible) and teeth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis lower jaw C015 / 6559
Homo heidelbergensis lower jaw (mandible) and teeth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6549
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6550
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This tooth shows marks (grooves near the gum line) left by the use of tooth picks. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6548
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6547
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This tooth shows marks (grooves near the gum line) left by the use of tooth picks. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis teeth C015 / 6544
Homo heidelbergensis teeth. These incisor teeth are worn down with age and the effect of diet. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis teeth C015 / 6545
Homo heidelbergensis teeth. These molar teeth are worn down with age and the effect of diet. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis teeth C015 / 6546
Homo heidelbergensis teeth. These tooth show marks (grooves near the gum line) left by the use of tooth picks. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6542
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This tooth has striations on its enamel left by the use of stone tools. The directions of the striations indicate that right-handedness was dominant as long as 500

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6543
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6541
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This tooth has striations on its enamel left by the use of stone tools. The directions of the striations indicate that right-handedness was dominant as long as 500

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6539
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6540
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6537
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6538
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6536
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6535
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6534
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This incisor tooth is worn down with age and the effect of diet. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

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"Journey back in time to the Pleistocene era, where ancient wonders come alive. 🌍✨ Step into the Lascaux II cave painting replica C013 / 7378 and witness the breathtaking artistry of our prehistoric ancestors. Marvel at the ingenuity of our early human counterparts as you explore a collection that includes a prehistoric spear-thrower, an essential tool for survival. Encounter majestic creatures that once roamed this earth, like the mighty mammoth - a symbol of strength and resilience. Delve deeper into human evolution with illustrations showcasing Australopithecus, Homo habilis, and Homo sapiens skulls side by side. Witness nature's fierce battles as a scimitar cat attacks a hominid in an epic struggle for survival. Discover unique species like Glyptodon Asper - an armored giant from another time. Uncover the mysteries surrounding Homo heidelbergensis and their place in our ancestral lineage. Admire the timeless beauty captured in stone with Venus of Willendorf, a Stone Age figurine representing fertility and femininity. Gaze upon Mrs. Ples skull - one of humanity's oldest known ancestors belonging to Australopithecus boisei. Meet female Homo habilis; strong-willed pioneers who defied societal norms during their existence. Feel your heart race as you encounter Smilodon on a mountainside - an apex predator that ruled its domain. The Pleistocene era holds secrets waiting to be unraveled; it is through these relics we connect with our past and gain insight into what shaped us today. "