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The 5th century BC was a time of great cultural and artistic achievements. Pythagoras and Euclid, two renowned mathematicians, made significant contributions to the field during this period. The marble tile from 1437 showcases the intricate craftsmanship of the era. In terms of pottery, the Kylix ceramic piece from around 500 BC exemplifies the exquisite artistry prevalent at that time. Its delicate design and attention to detail make it a true masterpiece. Sculpture also flourished in the 5th century BC, as seen in the limestone sculpture depicting the head of a Persian individual. This work captures not only their physical features but also their rich cultural heritage. Another notable sculpture is the granite statue of Darius from the Achaemenid period. This imposing figure stands as a testament to ancient Persian power and grandeur. The head on a herm known as Aristophanes, made in marble during the 1st century AD, offers insight into Greek theater and literature during this era. It serves as an homage to one of Greece's greatest playwrights. Architecture played a vital role too; for instance, Persepolis Tripylon's main staircase showcases exceptional stone craftsmanship characteristic of Achaemenid architecture. A portrait carved out of marble depicts Sophocles on another herm known as Solon. Created during either first or second century AD, it immortalizes these influential figures from ancient Greece. Funerary steles were also popular during this time; one such example is Thasos funerary stele made between 470-460 BC using marble. These monuments served as memorials for loved ones who had passed away. Moving beyond visual arts, Ahasuerus painted in oil on canvas in 1876 represents historical events that took place long before its creation - showcasing how history continues to inspire artists across centuries. Lastly, we have relief with lion from Persepolis, an Achaemenid stone carving.