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George Biddell Airy, English astronomer and geophysicist, 1868
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George Biddell Airy, English astronomer and geophysicist, 1868
George Biddell Airy, English astronomer and geophysicist, 1868. Airy (1801-1892) was Astronomer Royal and director of the Royal Greenwich Observatory from 1835 to 1881. He initiated the efficient and accurate observation of stellar positions, published works on celestial mechanics and made discoveries in theoretical and practical optics. He reorganised the Greenwich Observatory and discovered errors in planetary theory in relation to the motion of the Earth and Venus. In geophysics Airy is best known for his calculation of the mean density of the Earth. He worked it out by using pendulums to ascertain the difference in the strength of gravity between locations at the bottom of a mine shaft of known depth and on the surface. From The Illustrated London News, 4 January 1868
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Media ID 14862820
© Oxford Science Archive / Heritage-Images
Airy Astronomer Astronomer Royal Geophysicist Geophysics George Biddell Glasses Oxford Science Archive Scientist Sir George Biddell Sir George Biddell Airy Spectacles
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This print captures the distinguished figure of Sir George Biddell Airy, an eminent English astronomer and geophysicist. Taken in 1868, this portrait showcases Airy's commanding presence as he gazes confidently into the distance. Airy's contributions to the field of astronomy are unparalleled. Serving as Astronomer Royal and director of the Royal Greenwich Observatory for nearly half a century, from 1835 to 1881, he revolutionized stellar observation techniques with his efficient and accurate methods. His works on celestial mechanics laid a solid foundation for future advancements in our understanding of the universe. Not limited to astronomy alone, Airy also made significant discoveries in theoretical and practical optics. He meticulously reorganized the Greenwich Observatory while uncovering errors in planetary theory related to Earth's and Venus' motion. However, it is perhaps his groundbreaking work in geophysics that truly distinguishes him. By employing pendulums to measure gravity variations at different depths within mine shafts, Airy calculated Earth's mean density—an achievement that cemented his legacy as one of history's most influential scientists. This remarkable engraving serves as a testament to Sir George Biddell Airy's immense intellect and unwavering dedication to advancing scientific knowledge during the Victorian era. It encapsulates both his profound impact on various fields of study and his lasting influence on generations of astronomers and geophysicists alike.
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