4th Century Collection (#2)

Historical map of Palestine under the rule of Constantine I the Great around 306 - 337 AD
ELD4921769 Historical map of Palestine under the rule of Constantine I the Great around 306 - 337 AD (Historical map of Palestine at the times of Constantine the great 306-337)

Representation of Saint Hilarion of Gaza or Hilarion the Great (291-391) ascete Christian. 19th century (engraving)
ELD4916827 Representation of Saint Hilarion of Gaza or Hilarion the Great (291-391) ascete Christian. 19th century (engraving); Private Collection; Photo © The Holbarn Archive

History of writing: "first uses of ink to write on parchments, Middle East, 4th century"
ELD4868365 History of writing: "first uses of ink to write on parchments, Middle East, 4th century". Late 19th century

Fresco depicting the life of Saint Nicholas, also known as Saint Nicholas of Myra (270-345)
VEN5034047 Fresco depicting the life of Saint Nicholas, also known as Saint Nicholas of Myra (270-345). He resurrected three children killed by a butcher (left)

Representation of Saint Abraham of Edessa (died 360) leaving his wife (st Abraham of edessa). 19th century (engraving)
ELD4911297 Representation of Saint Abraham of Edessa (died 360) leaving his wife (st Abraham of edessa). 19th century (engraving); Private Collection; Photo © The Holbarn Archive

Portrait of st Blaise (Blase) healing a child. 19th century (engraving)
ELD4912435 Portrait of st Blaise (Blase) healing a child. 19th century (engraving); Private Collection; Photo © The Holbarn Archive

Representation of Gaza Porphyry (353-420) (Saint Porphyry (or Saint Porphyrius) of Gaza). 19th century (engraving)
ELD4911808 Representation of Gaza Porphyry (353-420) (Saint Porphyry (or Saint Porphyrius) of Gaza). 19th century (engraving); Private Collection; Photo © The Holbarn Archive

Representation of Guy (Saint Guy or Saint Vit or Saint Vitus or St Vith), Modest and Crescence (4th century)
ELD4908711 Representation of Guy (Saint Guy or Saint Vit or Saint Vitus or St Vith), Modest and Crescence (4th century) (Saints Vitus, Modestus and Crescentia)

Representation of Pope Saint Marcellin (296-304) in front of the Emperor Diocletian. 19th century (engraving)
ELD4910209 Representation of Pope Saint Marcellin (296-304) in front of the Emperor Diocletian. 19th century (engraving); Private Collection; Photo © The Holbarn Archive

Representation of Saint Pantene (pantaenus or panthene) of Alexandria (died 216)
ELD4908259 Representation of Saint Pantene (pantaenus or panthene) of Alexandria (died 216), Greek founder of the Theological School of Alexandria and the Master of Clement of Alexandria

Representation of Saint Athanasius of Alexandria (298-373) known as the Great
ELD4910042 Representation of Saint Athanasius of Alexandria (298-373) known as the Great (Athanasius of Alexandria or Athanasius the Great, Athanasius the Confessor)

Representation of Pope Damasus I (305-384) undertaking the restoration of the catacombs in Rome
ELD4915465 Representation of Pope Damasus I (305-384) undertaking the restoration of the catacombs in Rome (Pope Damasus I encourage the veneration of the Christian martyrs restoring)

Representation of Pope Saint Mark (336) (Pope Mark). 19th century (engraving)
ELD4913730 Representation of Pope Saint Mark (336) (Pope Mark). 19th century (engraving); Private Collection; Photo © The Holbarn Archive

Saint Victor (Victricius), archaic of Rouen. Party on August 7. Victor, soldier of the Roman army in the 4th century
PCT4273271 Saint Victor (Victricius), archaic of Rouen. Party on August 7. Victor, soldier of the Roman army in the 4th century, refuses to serve an apostate emperor

Battle between Emperors Constantine I, (272-337) and Maxence (regne 306 to 312), 1840 (engraving)
PCT4268689 Battle between Emperors Constantine I, (272-337) and Maxence (regne 306 to 312), 1840 (engraving); (add.info.: Battle between Emperors Constantine I)

Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem, 4th century (mosaic)
3914280 Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem, 4th century (mosaic); Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem, Israel; (add.info.: Church of the Nativity)

Huqoq synagogue mosaic, 5th century (mosaic)
3671296 Huqoq synagogue mosaic, 5th century (mosaic); (add.info.: Huqoq synagogue mosaic, detail depicting a carpenter at work, late Roman, c. 5th. C. AD)

St Augustine of Hippo (350-430), 19th century (engraving)
531885 St Augustine of Hippo (350-430), 19th century (engraving); (add.info.: one of great Fathers of early Christian church. Converted 386, bishop of Hippo 396)

Pompey's Pillar, Alexandria: Red granite column erected to Diocletian, 4th century
544753 Pompey's Pillar, Alexandria: Red granite column erected to Diocletian, 4th century, once thought to mark burial place of Pompey the Great

Bust of Roman Emperor Constans (reigned 337-350). Second third of the 4th century, Louvre, Paris (marble sculpture)
529022 Bust of Roman Emperor Constans (reigned 337-350). Second third of the 4th century, Louvre, Paris (marble sculpture); Universal History Archive/UIG

The sarcophagus of Agape and Crescentianus
7287242 The sarcophagus of Agape and Crescentianus; Vatican Museums and Galleries, Vatican City; (add.info.: The sarcophagus of Agapeand Crescentianus)

Representation of the fight of the human soul against vices: the allegorical fight of sobriety against lust
AIS5360414 Representation of the fight of the human soul against vices: the allegorical fight of sobriety against lust, miniature taken from "Psychomachia

Detail of a 4th or 5th century mosaic discovered in 1833 in a Roman villa in Saint-Rustice (Haute-Garonne, Occitanie)
PCT4297721 Detail of a 4th or 5th century mosaic discovered in 1833 in a Roman villa in Saint-Rustice (Haute-Garonne, Occitanie); Musee Saint-Raymond, Toulouse

Battle of Gaugamela, 331 BC
6117234 Battle of Gaugamela, 331 BC; (add.info.: The Battle of Gaugamela, 331 BC, between Alexander the Great (centre) and Darius III (to Alexandera's left)

CONCILIO OF NICEA, 19th century (engraving)
6203194 CONCILIO OF NICEA, 19th century (engraving); (add.info.: CONCILIO OF NICEA (Iznik) held in 325 by the will of Emperor Constantine I

Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic
6620390 Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic.; Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy; (add.info.: Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy)

Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic
6620381 Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic.; Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy; (add.info.: Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy)

Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic
6620380 Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic.; Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy; (add.info.: Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy)

Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic detail
6620397 Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic detail.; Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy; (add.info.: Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily)

Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic detail
6620396 Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic detail.; Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy; (add.info.: Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily)

Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic detail
6620393 Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Mosaic detail.; Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy; (add.info.: Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily)

Pendant decorated in cloisonne with a beast, 301-700 (gold, stone)
7310016 Pendant decorated in cloisonne with a beast, 301-700 (gold, stone); 2.6 cm; Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford, UK; (add.info.: Display: gold, stone, Material: gold)

Palace of Diocletian Croatia - Silver Gate, Porta Argentea, Diocletian's Palace, Split, Split-Dalmatia County
IMB4840873 Palace of Diocletian Croatia - Silver Gate, Porta Argentea, Diocletian's Palace, Split, Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia, Europe; (add.info.: Palace of Diocletian Croatia - Silver Gate)

Palace of Diocletian Croatia - Vestibule of the Diocletian's Palace in Split, Croatia, Europe
IMB4842116 Palace of Diocletian Croatia - Vestibule of the Diocletian's Palace in Split, Croatia, Europe; (add.info.: Palace of Diocletian Croatia - Vestibule of the Diocletian's Palace in)

ESTIMARIU, Master of (14th century). The legend of St. Lucy. 1357 - 1385. (161 x 97 cm). AGATHA, Saint (-250)
CUL4869072 ESTIMARIU, Master of (14th century). The legend of St. Lucy. 1357 - 1385. (161 x 97 cm). AGATHA, Saint (-250). Martyr.; Lucia of Syracuse, Saint (283 - 304)

Great Barbarian Invasion (405-451): Sainte Genevieve (422-502) against King of the Huns Attila (395-453)
ELD4848990 Great Barbarian Invasion (405-451): Sainte Genevieve (422-502) against King of the Huns Attila (395-453). End of the 19th century (chromolithograph); Private Collection; (add.info)

The labarum of Constantine, usually depicts as a standard bearing the Chrisme
ELD4963462 The labarum of Constantine, usually depicts as a standard bearing the Chrisme, during the Battle of the Milvius Bridge on 28 October 312 (The labarum of Constantine I)

The foundation of Constantinople by Emperor Constantine the great (engraving)
ELD4962602 The foundation of Constantinople by Emperor Constantine the great (engraving); Private Collection; (add.info.: who transferred the imperial capital to Byzantium)

Representation of the martyrdom of Saint Bibiana (Saint Viviana or Saint Vivienne)
ELD4915732 Representation of the martyrdom of Saint Bibiana (Saint Viviana or Saint Vivienne) in 363 (martyrdom of Saint Bibiana (Viviana, Vivian)

Representation of Saint Martin of Tours sharing his coat (4th century) (The charity of Martin of Tours)
ELD4916142 Representation of Saint Martin of Tours sharing his coat (4th century) (The charity of Martin of Tours) Engraving 19th century Private collection; (add.info)

Representation of Saint Philogonos Patriarch of Antioch (died 324) (St Philogonius bishop of Antioch)
ELD4915298 Representation of Saint Philogonos Patriarch of Antioch (died 324) (St Philogonius bishop of Antioch) Engraving 19th century Private collection; (add.info)

Representation of Saint Basil of Cesare called the Great (329-379) (Basil of Caesarea or basil the great)
ELD4908766 Representation of Saint Basil of Cesare called the Great (329-379) (Basil of Caesarea or basil the great). 19th century (engraving); Private Collection; Photo © The Holbarn Archive

Representation of Saint Theodore Tiron (Theodore the Conscript or Theodore of Amasee) (died 303)
ELD4916155 Representation of Saint Theodore Tiron (Theodore the Conscript or Theodore of Amasee) (died 303) soldier (st Theodore of Amasea (Theodore Tyron (or Tyro or Tiro or Teron)

Representation of Saint Cyriacus (Cyriacus or Syriacus) of Rome with his twenty-three companions martyrs in Rome
ELD4914831 Representation of Saint Cyriacus (Cyriacus or Syriacus) of Rome with his twenty-three companions martyrs in Rome, including Large, Crescentian, Memmie, Julienne

Representation of Saint Paphnuce of Thebes called the confessor (4th century)
ELD4914259 Representation of Saint Paphnuce of Thebes called the confessor (4th century) embrace by Emperor Constantine the Great (274-337) (Constantine the great kissing Saint Paphnutius of Thebes)

Representation of Saint January (San Gennaro) (270-305) condemns with other Christians in the amphitheatre of Pozzuoli
ELD4914098 Representation of Saint January (San Gennaro) (270-305) condemns with other Christians in the amphitheatre of Pozzuoli sees the fauves lie down at his feet

Palace of Diocletian Croatia - Historic city of Split, Diocletian Palace, Dalmatia, Croatia, Europe
IMB4920539 Palace of Diocletian Croatia - Historic city of Split, Diocletian Palace, Dalmatia, Croatia, Europe; (add.info.: Palace of Diocletian Croatia - Historic city of Split, Diocletian Palace)

The comet of 384 AD
5309972 The comet of 384 AD; (add.info.: Woodcut engraving depicting the comet of 384 AD, as seen in Basel, Switzerland. Dated 16th century.); Universal History Archive/UIG

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The 4th century was a time of great cultural and historical significance, as depicted in various artworks and monuments from around the world. In Michael Pacher's painting "The Devil Presenting St Augustin with the Book of Vices, " we witness the struggle between good and evil, highlighting the moral dilemmas faced by individuals during this period. Meanwhile, in Jerusalem's Ethiopian Monastery and Church of The Holy Sepulchre, we find ourselves transported to a UNESCO World Heritage Site that holds immense religious importance. This ancient structure stands as a testament to the enduring faith of believers throughout centuries. Traveling back further in time, we encounter Alexander the Great on his conquests in the Battle of Arbela. The mosaic found at Villa Romana Del Casale showcases this legendary figure's military prowess and strategic genius. Moving eastward to northwest Pakistan, a limestone head from Gandhara offers us a glimpse into the artistic traditions prevalent during the 4th-5th century A. D. This exquisite sculpture exemplifies the fusion of Hellenistic and Indian influences that characterized this era. Shifting our focus to China, we delve into Chinese eroticism through an intriguing detail from Sou Nu King—a Taoist treatise on sexual initiation dating back to the 4th century A. D. This artwork sheds light on ancient Chinese beliefs surrounding sexuality and spirituality. In another corner of history lies Emperor Constantine I, who founded Constantinople—renaming Byzantium—in order to establish it as his imperial capital. His vision forever altered Europe's political landscape while leaving behind architectural marvels that still captivate us today. Religion continues its prominence with depictions such as St Anthony the Great—the patron saint of basket makers—and Saint Jerome reading in a Landscape by Giovanni Bellini. These works highlight not only their subjects' spiritual devotion but also serve as windows into daily life during this period. Lastly, we encounter Constantine I once again, this time in a line engraving from the 17th century.