Chromosomes Collection (#4)

Abnormal mitosis
Mitosis. Fluorescence micrograph of a cell during abnormal anaphase of mitosis (nuclear division). During mitosis two daughter nuclei are formed from one parent nucleus

Dividing cell. Differential interference contrast (DIC) light micrograph of a cell (lower left) in the metaphase stage of mitosis (cell division). The cells nuclei are stained with fluorescent dye

Male chromosome set
Male human chromosome set. Computer artwork of the complete set (karyotype) of healthy male human chromosomes. Humans have 46 chromosomes in most cells

Gender determination, computer artwork. Gender is determined by the sex chromosomes, X and Y. Females have 2 X chromosomes and men an X and a Y chromosome

Male sex chromosomes. Computer artwork of an X and Y symbolising the male sex chromosomes. An individuals sex is determined by the presence or absence of the Y chromosome

Mitosis, TEM
Mitosis, coloured transmission electron micrograph (TEM). Longitudinal section through a human T cell in metaphase. During mitosis two daughter nuclei are formed from one parent nucleus

Cell mitosis. Confocal fluorescence light micrograph composite showing 6 stages of mitotic cell division. At far left, the cell has completed the first stage of cell division known as interphase in

Mitosis. Fluorescence micrograph of a cell during prometaphase of mitosis (nuclear division). During mitosis two daughter nuclei are formed from one parent nucleus

Normal female chromosomes
False-colour light micrograph of a normal trypsin/leishman banded female karyotype, the full complement of female chromosomes arranged in numbered homologous pairs

Human chromosomes
False-colour light micrograph of a normal set of human chromosomes, the strands of DNA which lie within the nucleus of each human cell and carry the genetic code

Sperm fertilising an egg, artwork
Sperm fertilising an egg. Cutaway artwork of a human sperm cell (spermatozoon) penetrating an egg cells (ovum) thick outer layer (zona pellucida). The egg cells membrane is at top right

Genetic modification, conceptual artwork. Human figures and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, upper left to bottom right corner), which carries the genetic code. Chromosomes are seen at top left corner

Mitosis, artwork

Genetic research, conceptual artwork
Genetic research, conceptual computer artwork

Chromosome analysis
MODEL RELEASED. Chromosome analysis. Geneticist analysing human chromosomes by fluorescent microscopy. Individual chromosomes are visible on the computer monitor as pale blue rods

Human chromosomes, artwork
Human karyotype, computer artwork. A karyotype is the complete set of chromosomes of an organism. Humans have 46 chromosomes in total

Human karyotype, artwork
Human karyotype, computer artwork. A karyotype is the complete set of chromosomes of an organism. Humans have 46 chromosomes in total

Chromosomes and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules, computer artwork. Chromosomes are composed of DNA coiled around proteins

Chromosomes and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules on a DNA autoradiogram, computer artwork. Chromosomes are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) coiled around proteins

DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid. Conceptual artwork of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) spelt out with fluoresence micrographs of anaphase stage cells. Anaphase is a stage of mitosis (nuclear division)

Giant chromosomes, light micrograph. These giant (polytene) chromosomes are from the salivary glands of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

Giant chromosome, light micrograph

Gene therapy, conceptual image. Computer artwork representing the treatment of chromosomes (purple) to repair abnormally functioning genes

Cell division, artwork
Cell division. Computer artwork of an animal cell undergoing mitosis (nuclear division) and cytokinesis (cell division) to form two identical daughter cells (bottom)

Male Downs syndrome karyotype, artwork
Male Downs syndrome karyotype, artowrk. The complete set of chromosomes of an organism is known as the karyotype. Humans usually have 46 chromosomes in total, arranged into 23 pairs

X chromosome, centromere and telomeres
Computer artwork of a X chromosome. The red regions mark out the telomeres, the ends of the chromosome and the centromere, the central region of the chromosome

Synthetic cell creation, computer artwork
Computer artwork depicting the creation of synthetic cells. From top: the chromosome of an existing bacterial cell is decoded, fragments copied and assembled forming a new synthetic DNA

X and Y chromosome with telomeres
X and Y chromosomes. Computer artwork of an X (left) and a Y (right) chromosome. The red regions mark out the telomeres, the ends of the chromosome

X and Y chromosomes. Computer artwork of an X (left) and a Y (right) chromosome. Chromosomes are made of very condensed deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Cellular packaging of DNA, artwork
Cellular packaging of DNA. Artwork of a strand of the genetic material DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) unwound from the nucleus (blue) of a cell (orange, upper right)

Chromosome bank, conceptual artwork
Chromosome bank, conceptual computer artwork. Chromosomes in jars on shelves. Chromosomes are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) coiled around proteins

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Chromosomes are the intricate threads that hold the blueprint of life within our cells. Among them, the X and Y chromosomes determine our biological sex, with males having one X and one Y chromosome. Through processes like mitosis, these chromosomes replicate themselves to ensure proper cell division. Under a light micrograph, we can witness this incredible phenomenon in action. In fluorescent micrographs capturing cell division, vibrant colors illuminate the intricate dance as they separate into two new cells. This mesmerizing display showcases the beauty hidden within our bodies. Examining a full set of male chromosomes under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) reveals their unique structure and arrangement. These microscopic images provide us with invaluable insights into our genetic makeup. Dividing cells captured in fluorescent micrographs remind us of the constant renewal happening inside us. Each split brings forth new possibilities for growth and development. Biomedical illustrations vividly depict DNA replication—a crucial process where bases attach to strands forming two identical double DNA strands. The twisting motion symbolizes how life's building blocks come together to create something extraordinary. A cross-sectional biomedical illustration unveils protein synthesis and ribosome activity—essential components for cellular function. This complex mechanism ensures that proteins are produced accurately according to instructions encoded in our chromosomes. The image of a single chromosome evokes wonder at its intricacy—an elegant structure carrying vital information that shapes who we are at a fundamental level. Astrocyte nerve cells intertwine with our understanding of chromosomes' role beyond reproduction—they play critical roles in brain function and communication between neurons. Under SEM imaging techniques, human chromosomes reveal their awe-inspiring complexity up close—each strand holding countless secrets waiting to be unraveled by scientists seeking answers about life itself.