Gene Expression Collection

Electrophoresis of RNA
Liver RNA. Electrophoresis gel containing RNA (ribonucleic acid) isolated from liver tissue. The RNA molecules (white bands) are being observed under ultraviolet light

Microscopic view of a blastula during pregnancy. After the cleavage has produced over 100 cells, the embryo is called a blastula

Stochastic gene expression, illustration C018 / 0906
Stochastic gene expression, illustration. Every cell in an organism contains every single gene that makes up the organisms genome. However, they are not all active (expressed) in each cell

DNA transcription, illustration C018 / 0900
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) transcription. Illustration of an RNA (ribonucelic acid) polymerase molecule (centre) synthesising an mRNA (messenger RNA) strand (bottom)

GAL4p activator protein C017 / 7009
Molecular structure of the Gal4p activator protein. It consists of two Gal4p, bound to a GAL upstream activator sequence (UAS)

GAL4p activator protein C017 / 7008
Molecular structure of the Gal4p activator protein. It consists of two Gal4p, bound to a GAL upstream activator sequence (UAS)

Glycine riboswitch molecule F007 / 9921
Molecular model of the bacterial glycine riboswitch. This is an RNA element that can bind the amino acid glycine. Glycine riboswitches usually consist of two metabolite-binding aptamer domains tandem

Glycine riboswitch molecule F007 / 9906
Molecular model of the bacterial glycine riboswitch. This is an RNA element that can bind the amino acid glycine. Glycine riboswitches usually consist of two metabolite-binding aptamer domains tandem

Genetics research F008 / 3192
Genetics research

MicroRNA precursor molecule
MicroRNA (miRNA) precursor, molecular model. This miRNA (micro ribonucleic acid) precursor will be further processed into an even shorter mature miRNA oligonucleotide that can regulate the expression

MicroRNA molecule
MicroRNA (miRNA), molecular model. This miRNA (micro ribonucleic acid) oligonucleotide regulates the expression of a target gene

Gene expression, artwork
Gene expression. Computer artwork showing the process of transcription, the first stage or gene expression. Here, a chromosome (distance)

Wnt signalling pathways, illustration C018 / 0917
Wnt signalling pathways, illustration. Wnt signalling pathways are three separate pathways that pass signals from outside a cell to inside the cell

Transcription factor bound to DNA F006 / 9744
Transcription factor bound to DNA. Molecular model of the human ETS translocation variant 1 (etv1) bound to a molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Notch transcription complex F006 / 9703
Notch transcription complex. Molecular model of the notch transcription complex bound to the human Hes1 promoter on a strand of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, red and blue)

HIV DNA and transcription factor F006 / 9680
HIV DNA and transcription factor. Molecular model of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) from HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) complexed with the transcription factor kappa B

Chromatin remodelling factor and DNA F006 / 9655
Chromatin remodelling factor and DNA, molecular model. The strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) are at left and right. This chromatin remodelling factor is ISW1a

GATA transcription factor and zinc finger F006 / 9547
GATA transcription factor. Molecular model of the GATA transcription factor bound to a zinc finger. Transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences

Transcription factor and ribosomal RNA F006 / 9530
Transcription factor and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Molecular model showing the 6 zinc fingers of transcription factor IIIA (yellow) bound to RNA (ribonucleic acid)

LAC repressor molecule F006 / 9520
LAC repressor. Molecular model of a LAC (lactose) repressor molecule. The LAC repressor inhibits the expression of genes that code for an enzyme which metabolizes lactose in bacteria

Transcription factor and ribosomal RNA F006 / 9516
Transcription factor and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Molecular model showing the 6 zinc fingers of transcription factor IIIA (yellow) bound to RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Transcription activation of IFN-beta gene F006 / 9510
Transcription activation of IFN-beta gene. Molecular model of an enhanceosome containing the transcription factors IRF-3, ATF-2 and c-Jun bound to the interferon-beta (IFN-beta)

Androgen receptor, molecular model F006 / 9483
Androgen receptor. Molecular model of the DNA-binding region of an androgen receptor (pink and yellow) complexed with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, blue and red)

Retinoblastoma tumor suppressor molecule F006 / 9445
Retinoblastoma tumour suppressor. Molecular model of a retinoblastoma tumour suppressor (Rb) bound to a transcription factor E2F-1

Methyltransferase and DNA F006 / 9421
Methyltransferase and DNA. Molecular model of the enzyme HhaI methyltransferase (beige) complexed with a molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, red and blue)

Transcription factors bound to DNA F006 / 9349
Transcription factors bound to DNA. Molecular model of the Oct4 (pink) and Sox2 (green) transcription factors bound to a molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, red and blue)

LAC repressor bound to DNA F006 / 9309
LAC repressor bound to DNA. Molecular model of a LAC (lactose) repressor molecule (pink and turquoise) interacting with bacterial DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, red and blue)

Yeast DNA recognition, molecular model F006 / 9282
Yeast DNA recognition. Computer model showing a GAL4 transcription activator protein bound to a yeast DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule (red and blue)

Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase molecule F006 / 9238
Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase protein molecule. Molecular model showing bacterial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase complexed with aspartyl tRNA (transfer ribonucleic acid)

Gene expression analysis C016 / 9697
MODEL RELEASED. Gene expression analysis. Researcher removing a microarray from a fluidics station. This machine is used to wash and stain a DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Gene expression analysis C016 / 9698
MODEL RELEASED. Gene expression analysis. Researcher removing a microarray from a fluidics station. This machine is used to wash and stain a DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Gene expression analysis C016 / 9699
MODEL RELEASED. Gene expression analysis. Researcher removing a microarray from a fluidics station. This machine is used to wash and stain a DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Oct and Sox transcription factors. Molecular model of Sox2 (blue) and Oct4 (green) transcription factors bound to a molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, pink and red)

Gene expression, conceptual illustration C018 / 0746
Gene expression, conceptual illustration. Every cell in an organism contains every single gene that makes up the organisms genome. However, they are not all active (expressed) in each cell

Homeodomain from Ubx and Exd protein C017 / 7006
Structure of a DNA-bound Ultrabithorax (Ubx) and Extradenticle (Exd) homeodomain complex bound to DNA, showing how one of the helical regions fits into a major groove on the doulbe-helical DNA

Gene switching, artwork
Gene switching, computer artwork. Coloured dots on a DNA helix, representing the process of switching specific genes on or off

Heat shock transcription factor and DNA C015 / 5558
Heat shock transcription factor and DNA. Molecular model of the binding domain region (purple) of a heat shock protein transcription factor bound to DNA (pink, deoxyribonucleic acid)

DNA MassARRAY analysis C015 / 6522
DNA MassARRAY analysis. Close-up of a Sequenom DNA MassARRAY machine. MassARRAY platforms are used for SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) genotyping

DNA MassARRAY analysis C015 / 6520
DNA MassARRAY analysis. Technician holding a chip from a Sequenom DNA MassARRAY machine. MassARRAY platforms are used for SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) genotyping

DNA MassARRAY analysis C015 / 6521
DNA MassARRAY analysis. Close-up of a Sequenom DNA MassARRAY machine. MassARRAY platforms are used for SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) genotyping

DNA MassARRAY analysis C015 / 6518
DNA MassARRAY analysis. Technician filling sample plates with resin in a molecular epidemiology lab before running it through a Sequenom DNA MassARRAY machine

DNA MassARRAY analysis C015 / 6519
DNA MassARRAY analysis. Technician holding chips from a Sequenom DNA MassARRAY machine. MassARRAY platforms are used for SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) genotyping

DNA MassARRAY analysis C015 / 6517
DNA MassARRAY analysis. Technician filling sample plates with resin in a molecular epidemiology lab before running it through a Sequenom DNA MassARRAY machine

Androgen receptor, molecular model C015 / 6113
Androgen receptor. Molecular model of the DNA-binding region of an androgen receptor (purple and red) complexed with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, blue and orange)

Androgen receptor, molecular model C015 / 6112
Androgen receptor. Molecular model of the DNA-binding region of an androgen receptor (purple and brown) complexed with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, turquoise and red)

Tryptophan repressor bound to DNA C015 / 6243
Tryptophan repressor bound to DNA. Molecular model of the tryptophan (trp) repressor (grey and green, and orange and yellow, across bottom) bound to DNA (deoxyribonucleic) molecules (blue and orange)

Tryptophan repressor bound to DNA C015 / 6242
Tryptophan repressor bound to DNA. Molecular model of the tryptophan (trp) repressor (purple and green, and pink and beige, across bottom) bound to DNA (deoxyribonucleic) molecules (blue and orange)

Methyltransferase and DNA C015 / 5704
Methyltransferase and DNA. Molecular model of the enzyme HhaI methyltransferase (purple) complexed with a molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, orange and green)

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"Unveiling the Secrets of Gene Expression: From Electrophoresis to Microscopic Views" Gene expression, a fundamental process in biology, holds the key to understanding how our genetic information is utilized by cells. Through various techniques and observations, scientists have been able to delve deeper into this intricate mechanism. Electrophoresis of RNA allows researchers to separate and analyze different types of RNA molecules based on their size and charge. This technique provides valuable insights into gene expression patterns within cells and helps unravel the complex network of interactions between genes. Microscopic views offer glimpses into the fascinating world inside developing organisms. One such view captures a blastula during pregnancy, showcasing the early stages of embryonic development where gene expression plays a crucial role in shaping an organism's future. Stochastic gene expression adds another layer to our understanding. Illustrated as C018 / 0906, it highlights the random nature through which genes are activated or repressed within individual cells. This stochasticity contributes to cellular diversity and can influence various biological processes. DNA transcription, illustrated as C018 / 0900, represents one of the central steps in gene expression. It involves converting DNA sequences into messenger RNA (mRNA), which serves as a template for protein synthesis – an essential aspect for cell function. GAL4p activator proteins (C017 / 7009 & C017 / 7008) act as master regulators that control specific genes' activation or repression. These proteins play pivotal roles in studying gene expression regulation mechanisms and uncovering new therapeutic targets for diseases like cancer. The Glycine riboswitch molecule (F007 / 9921 & F007 / 9906) showcases how certain molecules can directly interact with mRNA structures, influencing whether specific genes are expressed or not. Understanding these regulatory elements expands our knowledge about fine-tuning gene activity within cells. Genetics research (F008 / 3192) encompasses diverse studies aimed at unraveling the complexities of gene expression.