Mesoamerica Collection (#31)

POSADA: THE ARTILLERYMEN. Zinc engraving, 1912, by Jos

FOUNDING OF LOS ANGELES. The founding of Los Angeles in 1781: wood engraving, 19th century

NEW MEXICO: SANTA FE, 1840. Wood engraving, c1840

HAVANA, CUBA, 1853. The port and city of Havana, Cuba. Wood engraving, American, 1853

CUBA: HAVANA, 1853. Alameda de Paula, Havana. Wood engraving, American, 1853

SAN XAVIER del BAC MISSION. The Mission of San Xavier del Bac, founded in 1700 near Tucson, Arizona, by Father Eusebio Kino. Color engraving, 19th century

CALIFORNIA: SAN JOSE MISSION. Native Americans dancing at the San Jose Mission in (New) California. Engraving after Georg Heinrich von Langsdorff, 1812

SANTO DOMINGO HARBOR, 1673. Spanish ships riding off Santo Domingo, Hispaniola. Line engraving, 1673

SIR HENRY MORGAN (lower left) leading the sack of Puerto Principe, Cuba, in 1668: English colored engraving, 1704

CHAPULTEPEC, 1847. American troops storming the palace of Chapultepec on Sept. 13, 1847. Colored engraving, 19th century

COTTON PLANTATION, 1867. Ration day on the Buena Vista cotton plantation in Clarke county, Alabama. Wood engraving, American, 1867

PLANTATION: MORNING CALL. The morning call to labor on the Buena Vista cotton plantation in Clarke County, Alabama. Colored engraving, 1867

PLANTATION: SOWING, 1867. Field hands sowing on the Buena Vista cotton plantation in Clarke County, Alabama. Colored engraving, 1867

PLANTATION: PLOWING, 1867. Field hands plowing on the Buena Vista cotton plantation in Clarke County, Alabama. Colored engraving, 1867

PLANTATION: HOEING, 1867. Field hands hoeing on the Buena Vista cotton plantation in Clarke County, Alabama. Colored engraving, 1867

PICKING COTTON, 1867. Field hands picking cotton on the Buena Vista cotton plantation in Clarke County, Alabama. Colored engraving, 1867

TEXAS: THE ALAMO, 1836. The Siege of the Alamo, 23 February-6 March 1836. Color engraving, 19th century

MONTEZUMA II (1480?-1520). Emperor: colored Spanish engraving, 17th century

VIEW OF SAN FRANCISCO. A view of the Spanish settlement of San Francisco. Line engraving, German, 1812

LA SALLE: GULF COAST, 1685. La Salle landing on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico in 1685: French engraving, 1698

HAVANA, CUBA, c1857. Steel engraving, American, c1857

MEXICO CITY, 1671. Mexico City under the Spanish conquerers. Line engraving, 19th century, after an engraving of 1671

MONTEZUMA II (1480-1520). Aztec emperor. Line engraving, 17th century

HAVANA, CUBA, 1720. The port and city of Havana, Cuba. Copper engraving, 1720

BENITO PABLO JUAREZ (1806-1872). Mexican statesman. Steel engraving, American, 1870

BUENA VISTA MEMORIAL. The Eleventh Indiana Volunteers swearing to remember Buena Vista at Indianapolis, Indiana, May 1861. Contemporary American wood engraving

EMPEROR MAXIMILIAN (1832-1867). Archduke of Austria and Emperor of Mexico, 1864-67. Wood engraving, American, 19th century

POSADA: CALAVERA ELECTRICA. Gran Calavera Electrica. A cemetery full of victims of the recently introduced electric trolley. Zinc engraving, 1907, by Jos

FLORIDA: SAINT AUGUSTINE. View of the town of Saint Augustine. Line engraving, 17th century

BATTLE OF MOLINO DEL REY. The Battle of Molino del Rey during the Mexican War, 8 September 1847. Wood engraving, 19th century

POSADA: ATTACK ON PUEBLA. Battle of Puebla, Mexico, during the Mexican Revolution. Zinc engraving, 1911, by Jos

POSADA: BATTLE, 1910-12. A battle between Federal Forces and the followers of Emiliano Zapata. Zinc engraving, 1910-12, by Jos

White-necked Jacobin (Florisuga mellivora) adult male, in flight, hovering, Costa Rica

MEXICAN MURAL PAINTING. Detail of a mural painting in Mexico, early-mid 20th century

MAP: PANAMA, 1796. Map of the province of Loja, Panama, 1796

MAP: NORTH AMERICA, 1890. Map of North America, c1890, published in the United States

MEXICO: OLMEC MONUMENT. Olmec stone monument of a mother and child, at Parque La Venta, Tabasco, Mexico, 1500-800 B. C
MEXICO: OLMEC MONUMENT. Olmec stone monument of a mother and child, at Parque La Venta, Tabasco, Mexico, 1500-800 B.C

MEXICO: MAP, 1851. Map of Mexico, California, and Texas by John Tallis, 1851

MAP: SANTO DOMINGO, 1619. Map of the colonial city of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 1619

MEXICO: AZTEC COLUMN. Aztec rectangular column with bas-reliefs, 1200-1500 A. D
MEXICO: AZTEC COLUMN. Aztec rectangular column with bas-reliefs, 1200-1500 A.D

MISSION: SAN FRANCISCO. Mission San Francisco de Asis (Mission Dolores) and Basilica, founded in 1776 by Lieutenant Jos
MISSION: SAN FRANCISCO. Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission Dolores) and Basilica, founded in 1776 by Lieutenant Jos

MEXICO CITY: MONUMENT. The Monument to Independence in Mexico City. Photograph, 1930s

PENANCE, 18th CENTURY. Manuscript illuminuation showing acts of penance. Created in Mexico, 18th century

View of Mayan ancient ruined city and lowland tropical forest, Tikal N. P. Peten, Guatemala
View of Mayan ancient ruined city and lowland tropical forest, Tikal N.P. Peten, Guatemala

FRANCISCO PANCHO VILLA (1877-1923). Mexican revolutionary leader. Photographed with a column of his troops in Mexico in 1914: oil over a photograph

PORTRAIT OF A ZAPATISTA. Painting by an unknown Mexican artist, 20th century

ABOLITIONIST PEACE PLEDGE. American abolitionist pledge, 1845, after the annexation of Texas, against a war with Mexico

MEXICAN EXPEDITION, 1916. Banner for Wells Fargo & Co Express, 1916, promising parcel delivery to troops in the Mexican Expedition against the forces of Pancho Villa

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Mesoamerica: A Tapestry of History and Resilience From the ancient civilizations that thrived in Mesoamerica to the modern-day struggles for justice, this region has witnessed remarkable events that have shaped its vibrant tapestry. In 1968, during the Olympic Games held in Mexico City, American runners Tommie Smith and John Carlos boldly raised their fists in a Black Power salute during the medal ceremonies. Their powerful gesture resonated worldwide, while Australian Peter Norman stood beside them wearing an OPHR badge, displaying solidarity against racial inequality. Diego Rivera's murals at the Ministry of Public Education capture both the solemnity and celebration of Mesoamerican culture. His mural depicting "Day of the Dead" showcases a rich tradition where life and death intertwine harmoniously. Another masterpiece portrays pre-Columbian life, specifically highlighting Zapotec civilization's contributions to Mexican heritage. The colored woodcut from 1556 offers a glimpse into Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City) at the time of Spanish conquest—a city brimming with architectural marvels and cultural richness that would forever be altered by European colonization. The cry for revolution echoed through Miguel Hidalgo's call to revolt on September 16th, 1810—the spark igniting Mexico's fight for independence. Juan O Gorman immortalized this historic moment in his mural capturing Hidalgo's impassioned plea. Mexican kitchens have long been hubs of culinary artistry and cultural preservation. An unknown artist beautifully depicts two women diligently working amidst pots and pans—an ode to their invaluable role in sustaining traditions. Rivera also pays tribute to educators with his portrayal of "The Rural School Teacher. " This mural symbolizes education as a catalyst for progress—empowering generations with knowledge and shaping brighter futures. Francisco Pancho Villa emerges as an indomitable figure within Mexican history—a revolutionary leader who fought tirelessly alongside his military staff during the Mexican Revolution.