Stake Collection (#9)

MARTYRDOM OF JOHN ROGERS. The burning of Reverend John Rogers, Vicar of St. Sepulchres at Smithfield, England, 1555. Wood engraving from the Book of Martyrs, by John Foxe, 1840

ENGLAND: NEWMARKET, 1845. The Cambridgeshire Stakes at Newmarket, Suffolk, England. Engraving, English, 1845

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, c1905. Sharpened stakes, pitfalls, and wire entanglement barriers at Port Arthur, China, during the Russo-Japanese War. Stereograph, c1905

URBAIN GRANDIER (1590-1634). French priest. The public burning of Grandier in Loudun, France, Aug. 18, 1634: contemporary woodcut

JAN HUS (c1369-1415). Bohemian religious reformer. Hus at the stake: pen and ink drawing from Ulrich von Richenthals manuscript of " The Chronicle of the Council of Constance, " c1450

SIOUX ENCAMPMENT, c1882. White American visitors at a Sioux Native American encampment at Fort Randall in the Dakota Territories, whose commanding officer, Captain Charles Bentzoni (on horseback)

Beach, marker posts and a buoy, St Peter-Ording, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

USA, California, Napa Valey, wine country, mustard plants in a vineyard

USA, California, Dry Creek Valley, wine country, an old barn in a vineyard

Vineyard with cows, cattle, bulls near Lentheric. Faugeres, below Ch des Estanilles. Languedoc. Vines trained in Gobelet pruning. France. Europe

Stakes to tie boat on dock by Adriatic Sea, Porec, Istria, Croatia

Cut stems made into stakes, in coppice woodland, Ox Close Wood, Wetherby, West Yorkshire, England, March

Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556) Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury, under Mary I burnt at the stake at Oxford. Mid 19th century engraving

Anabaptist leaders and teachers were often burned at the stake, though sometimes after being strangled first. Burning of Maria and Ursula van Beckum, Deventer, 1544

William Tyndale, being burnt at the stake in Belgium, cries Lord, open the
William Tyndale, being burnt at the stake in Belgium, cries " Lord, open the king of Englands eies." William Tyndale (sometimes spelled Tindal or Tyndall: pronounced /jatjandjal/) (c)

Joan of Arc (c1412-1431), St Jeanne d Arc, the Maid of Orleans, French patriot and martyr: Joan in armour and carrying sword

John Huss or Hus (c1369-1415) Bohemian religious reformer and theologian. Burned at stake at Constance as a heretic. Huss in prison

Hugh Latimer and Nicholas Ridley burned at the stake for heresy. Hugh Latimer (c.ja1487 - 16 October 1555) Bishop of Worcester before the Reformation

Hugh Latimer (c1485-1555) English Protestant martyr, preaching in front of Edward VI. Under the Roman Catholic Mary I he was burnt at the stake with Ridley and Cranmer at Oxford

Youths playing Bumble Puppy, or Nine Holes near the Templa of Vesta, Rome, Italy. To set up the game, the young men cut nine holes in the turf large enough to take the ball

Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556), English Protestant prelate, Archbishop of Canterbury. Burnt at the stake at Oxford under the reign of the Roman Catholic queen Mary I for refusing to recognise Papal

Moet & Chandon7
Lady in gold and green dress leans to the right and ties vine to stake, Artist Alphonse Mucha, Art Nouveau

Thomas Bilney (c1495 - 1531) English martyr, on his way to the be burned at the stake at Bishopsgate, London, having been condemned to death for heresy

Wooden stakes for hay, Lappland, Sweden, June

Michael Servetus Spanish physician and theologian
Michael Servetus (1511 - 1553) Spanish physician and theologian. Portrait from biography published 1727. Servetus escaped the Catholic Inquisitor General at Lyon

Person using hands to tamp down soil at base of tomato plant

Using watering can to water tomato plant

Person tying tomato plant seedling to wooden support above mulch sheet

Tree trunk supported by steel guy ropes attached to wooden stakes

Polytunnel tied to wooden stakes

View of polythene tied up to pole pushed into ground

Tomato plant with stake and irrigation, close-up

Young tree tied to upright stake, close-up

Young tree tied to stake, close-up

Securing tree using guy-ropes attached to low stakes angled at 45 degrees away from trunk

High stake attached to apple tree using two buckle-and-spacer ties

Black-figure pottery Oenochoe depicting Ulysses burning stake to blind Polyphemus
Greek civilization, 5th century b.C. Black-figure pottery. Oenochoe depicting Ulysses burning a stake to blind Polyphemus

Copper engraving from a late 18th century English edition of Dr. Richard Hurds Religious Rites & Ceremonies of All
SPANISH INQUISITION. Copper engraving from a late 18th century English edition of Dr. Richard Hurds Religious Rites & Ceremonies of All Nations

LAMBERT, John (1486-1538). English catholic priest. Trial to John Lambert, condemned to die at the stake. Engraving

Joan of Arc at the stake, 1431. Fol. 71 of the
" Joan of Arc at the stake, 1431. Fol. 71 of the " Vigiles de Charles VII" by Martial d Auvergne (c. 1484). Gothic art. Miniature Painting. FRANCE. Paris. National Library."

Traditionally the Tlingit used wood stakes and cedar pins to slow cook salmon over low flame fires giving the fish a smokey flavor. (PR)

Europe, Italy, Umbria, Perugia. Poppy flowers

CATLIN: COMANCHE VILLAGE. A view of a Comanche village on the Great Plains, showing women dressing robes near racks of drying meat. Line engraving, 1844, after George Catlin

SPANISH INQUISITION. Condemned heretics wearing sanbenito robes showing scenes of hell, being led single file to be burned at the stake (far right). German engraving, 17th or 18th century

EUROPE: WITCH BURNING. Burning a witch at the stake in 17th century Europe. Wood engraving, late 19th century

SCOTLAND: WITCH BURNING. Wood engraving, late 19th century

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"Stake: A Symbol of Sacrifice and Persecution Throughout History" Throughout history, the stake has been a haunting symbol of sacrifice and persecution. From religious reformers to political dissidents, countless individuals have faced this brutal fate. One such figure was William Tyndale, an English scholar who translated the Bible into English during the 16th century. His efforts to make scripture accessible to all threatened the authority of the Catholic Church. Eventually captured, he met his end at the stake in 1536. Similarly, Giordano Bruno's unorthodox ideas about cosmology and religion led him to be burned at the stake in 1600. His refusal to recant his beliefs made him a martyr for scientific freedom. The burning of Thomas Cranmer in 1556 serves as a chilling reminder of religious turmoil during England's Reformation period. As Archbishop of Canterbury, Cranmer had once supported Henry VIII's break from Rome but later embraced Protestantism. However, under Queen Mary I's reign, he was condemned as a heretic and suffered a fiery death. The Fifth of November is remembered not only for Guy Fawkes' failed Gunpowder Plot but also for its connection with religious strife. The event marked an attempt by Catholics to assassinate King James I and restore Catholicism as England's dominant faith. Joan of Arc experienced both triumph and tragedy before meeting her untimely demise at the stake in 1431. Her unwavering devotion to France during the Hundred Years' War earned her praise but also drew suspicion from those who questioned her divine visions. In Ireland's troubled history, tensions between British forces and Sinn Fein nationalists often erupted into violence. The conflict claimed many lives on both sides as political ideologies clashed fiercely over independence or continued British rule. Jan Hus, a Czech priest and reformer in the early 15th century faced condemnation for challenging church practices that he believed deviated from the teachings of Christ.