Hominini Collection (#2)

Homo erectus, Java Man (Sangiran 17) cranium cast
Three quarter view of partially reconstructed cranium of Homo erectus Java Man about 700, 000 years old known as Sangiran 17. Discovered by Towikromo in 1969

Homo erectus crania (Ngandong 1 & Trinil)
The larger cranium belongs to Homo erectus discovered at Ngandong near to the Solo River on the island of Java, Indonesia

Schistosoma spp. blood fluke
The blood fluke (Schistosoma spp.) is the cause of the disease bilharzia or schistosomiasis in humans

Homo sapiens cranium (Irhoud 1)
Lateral and frontal view of a cast of an adult male Homo sapiens skull discovered at Jebel Irhoud (formerly Ighoud), Morocco, by Mohammed Ben Fatmi, Summer 1961

Ascaris lumbricoides, human roundworm
The human roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides) is the largest nematode to parasitize humans, growing up to 16 inches long

Homo neanderthalensis hunting in Swanscombe
A Homo neanderthalensis group hunting fallow deer on the banks of the river Thames at modern day Swanscombe, Kent 400, 000 years ago. Illustration by Angus McBride

Gracula religiosa indica, Acridotheres cristellus, Paroaria
Large Series plate 12, a watercolour from the John Reeves Collection of Zoological Drawings from Canton, China

A Medieval nightmare
This hand coloured woodcut showing a human headed bird grappling a man is from Jacobus Meydenbacks Hortus Sanitatis, (1491)

Homo heidelbergensis, Boxgrove Man tibia
The tibia or shin bone of Boxgrove Man (Homo heidelbergensis) discovered in a quarry at Boxgrove, West Sussex, UK. The specimen dates back 500

Homo sapiens, Cro-Magnon man
A model head of Homo sapiens, Cro-Magnon man. Cro-Magnon man, an anatomically modern human lived around 30, 000 years ago in the Dordogne region of France. This model was created by Maurice Wilson

Homo neanderthalensis
A model head of Neanderthal man (Homo neanderthalensis) created by Maurice Wilson. Neanderthal man is believed to have lived between around 130, 000 and 35, 000 years ago

Homo sapiens (Singa 1) cranium
A heavily mineralized cranium once belonging to that of Homo sapiens who lived about 130, 000 years ago. This specimen was discovered in Singa, Sudan by W.R.G. Bond in 1924

Homo sapiens, Cro-Magnon man head
A reconstruction of the head of Cro-Magnon man by Maurice Wilson, c. 1950. Cro-Magnon man is possibly Western Europes most famous anatomically modern human

Homo heidelbergensis, Boxgrove Man
An artists impression of Boxgrove Man (Homo heidelbergensis) based on fossil evidence discovered at a quarry in Boxgrove, Chichester, W. Sussex

Homo neanderthalensis, Neanderthal man model
A model reconstruction of a Neanderthal family situated within a cave. Neanderthal lived between 135, 000 to 35, 000 years ago

Homo sapiens cranium (Predmosti 3)
Frontal view of cranium and mandible (casts) of a Homo sapiens male aged 35-40 discovered at Predmosti, North East Moravia, Czech Republic. By K.J. Maska, June 1894. This specimen dates back 30, 000

Homo heildelbergensis, Rhodesian or Broken Hill Man (Broken
Basilar view of the cranium belonging to Broken Hill Man (Homo heildelbergensis) discovered at Broken Hill Mine, Kabwe, Zambia by T. Zwigelaar in June 1921. It dates back 130, 000 years

Homo sapiens cranium (Irhoud 2)
Lateral and facial view of a cast of a skull belonging to an adult male Homo sapiens discovered at Jebel Irhoud (formerly Ighoud), Barytes mine S.E of Safi, Morocco, by Mohammed Ben Fatmi, summer 1961

Pthirus pubis, crab louse
A crab louse with a body length 3.5 mm, this species of louse is known to sometimes infest the human body

Homo sapiens cranium (Qafzeh 9)
Lateral and frontal view of a cast of a Homo sapiens adult skull discovered at Dkebel Kafzeh, Israel by B. Vandermeersch, 1965-1969

Gigantopithecus model jaw
Model of Gigantopithecus jaw with Gorilla jaw for scale

Australopithecus boisei (OH5) & Homo habilis (OH24) crania
Two cranium casts of: (left) Australopithecus boisei known as OH5 and (right) homo habilis known as OH24. Both original specimens were discovered within Bed 1 at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

Homo habilis tools
A collection of pebble tools (Oldowan) discovered at the Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. They date back to about 1.8 million years ago

Horse-head engraved on bone
Late Pleistocene wild horses head engraved on the right fourth metatarsal bone of a horse, specimen (NHM 38745). Found among horse remains from the Late Magdalenian site of Roc du Courbet, Bruniquel

Homo heildelbergensis, Broken Hill Man
Broken Hill skull, Homo heidelbergensis, discovered in Africa in 1921. The skull belonged to an adult male and may be 200, 000 to 300, 000 years old

Homo neanderthalensis (Ferrassie 1) cranium
Cranium and mandibula cast of an adult male Neandertal Man (Homo neanderthalensis) discovered at La Ferrassie, Dordogne, France, by D Peyrony and L. Captian in 1909

Homo neanderthalensis (calpicus) cranium
First skull of an adult female Neanderthal, Homo neanderthalensis, about 50, 000 years old. Unearthed in 1848 in Gibraltar. Date: 1848

Homo sapiens skull comparison C016 / 5934
Homo sapiens skull comparison. Homo sapiens skulls from Upper Cave Zhoukoudian, China (left and middle) and Predmosti, Czech Republic (right). All three are dated from about 30, 000 years ago

Cro-magnon and Neanderthal skulls C016 / 5938
Cro-magnon and Neanderthal skull comparison. Rear view comparison of casts of a Cro-Magnon skull from Brno, Czech Republic, Upper Palaeolithic (right), and Neanderthal skull from La Chpelle, France

Homo sp. pelvis comparison C016 / 5936
Homo sp. pelvis comparison. Ilium of Homo heildebergensis (Broken Hill) and of Modern Homo sapiens. Superior view comparison of ileum pelvis bones of Homo heidelbergensis

Homo sp. pelvis comparison C016 / 5935
Homo sp. pelvis comparison. Side view comparison of pelvis (ischium) of a male Homo heidelbergensis, (Broken Hill E719) and a cast of Homo erectus Pelvis (OH28) discovered at Olduvai Gorge

Goughs Cave craniums and bones. Skull and bones fragments from modern humans (Homo sapiens) excavated from Goughs Cave, Cheddar Gorge, Somerset, UK

Homo sp. skulls C016 / 5932
Rear views of Homo erectus (Sangiran), H. heidelbergensis (Broken Hill), H. neanderthalensis, (La Ferrassie) and H. sapiens (Polynesia) skulls. Natural History Museum, London, UK

Goughs Cave cranium. Fragment of a modern human (Homo sapiens) skull, showing cut marks, excavated from Goughs Cave, Cheddar Gorge, Somerset, UK

Neanderthal skeleton C016 / 5666
Neandertal skeleton. Life size model of a male Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis) skeleton. This was created using a modified modern human skeleton and replicas of Neanderthal fossil bones

Hominoid and human mandible C016 / 5609
Hominoid and human mandible (lower jaw). Human mandible (left) compared with a Sivapithecus hominoid mandible. Sivapithecus, an extinct ape from the Miocene, lived 9 million years ago

Neanderthal tool C016 / 5607
Neanderthal artifact. Tool thought to have been used by Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis). Discovered at Tabun, Israel

Homo erectus cranium C016 / 5606
Cast of a Homo erectus cranium. The fossil this cast was taken from was discovered at Trinil, on the banks of the River Solo, Java, Indonesia

Solo man (Homo erectus) cranium C016 / 5605
Cast of the Solo Man (Homo erectus) cranium (Ngandong 1). The Solo Man cranium was discovered at Ngandong, close to the Solo River on the island of Java, Indonesia

Homo erectus cranium OH 9 C016 / 5604
Homo erectus cranium (OH 9). The skull of Homo erectus known as OH 9, found at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania by Louis Leakey in 1960. This specimen is 1.2 million years old

Homo heidelbergensis mandible (Mauer 1) C016 / 5208
Homo heidelbergensis mandible (Mauer 1). Cast of the fossil mandible from the Homo heidelbergensis specimen discovered by workmen in 1907 at Mauer, Germany

Homo habilis carniums casts from Olduvai Gorge and Koobi For
The white cranium is Homo habilis discovered at Koobi Fora, East Turkana, Kenya believed to have lived about 1.8 million years ago

Skull cups and bone fragments, Goughs Cave
Skull cups identified among human remains from Goughs Cave, Somerset. At around 14, 700 years old, the skull cups are the oldest directly dated examples in the world

Homo heidelbergensis mandible casts (Mauer 1 and Swartkrans)
The larger mandible is a cast from Homo heidelbergensis and was discovered by workmen at Mauer sand-pit, Germany in 1907. The smaller is of a mandible discovered in Swartkrans, South Africa

Paranthropus robustus cranium (SK 48)
A cast of the cranium belonging to an adult female Paranthropus robustus discovered at Swartkrans, South Africa by Dr. Robert Broom and J.T. Robinson. P. robustus lived around 1.5 million years ago

Aurignacian tools
A bone point, probably a spearhead and a flint end-scraper tool of Aurignacian age, 30, 000 - 34, 000 years old from France

Australopithecus africanus model
Model of an adult female Australopithecus africanus reconstructed from remains found at Sterkfontein, South Africa. Probably lived about 2.5 million years ago during the Plio-Pleistocene

Skull cup found at Goughs Cave
A skull cup identified among human remains from Goughs Cave, Somerset. At around 14, 700 years old, the skull cups are the oldest directly dated examples in the world

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"Hominini: Unveiling the Evolutionary Journey of Humanity" Step into the fascinating world of Hominini, a diverse group of primates that includes our ancient ancestors. From the sensory homunculus mapping our intricate neural pathways to the hominid crania revealing clues about their intelligence and culture, each discovery paints a vivid picture of our evolutionary past. Meet Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288-1), affectionately known as Lucy, whose fossilized remains provide crucial insights into early human bipedalism. As we explore further, we encounter Homo erectus (Sangiran 17) and ponder their migration out of Africa, paving the way for Homo sapiens and Neanderthals. The motor homunculus showcases how different areas in our brain control specific body movements while Homo neanderthalensis demonstrates their prowess with a Neanderthal spear point at Swanscombe, UK. Meanwhile, Paranthropus boisei (Zinjanthropus) cranium (OH5) offers glimpses into an extinct branch diverging from our own lineage. Delving deeper still, we uncover intriguing artifacts like The Makapansgat Pebble—a remarkable example of early symbolic thinking—and marvel at the complexity within us all. From the liver's vital role in metabolism to studying human cells under a microscope, every aspect contributes to understanding what it means to be human. As we piece together this mosaic of humanity's story through time and space, one thing becomes clear: Hominini is not just an exploration but also an appreciation for how far we have come. Let us embrace this journey with curiosity and awe as we continue unraveling the mysteries that connect us all.