Hominini Collection (#3)

Homo sapiens skull comparison C016 / 5934
Homo sapiens skull comparison. Homo sapiens skulls from Upper Cave Zhoukoudian, China (left and middle) and Predmosti, Czech Republic (right). All three are dated from about 30, 000 years ago

Cro-magnon and Neanderthal skulls C016 / 5938
Cro-magnon and Neanderthal skull comparison. Rear view comparison of casts of a Cro-Magnon skull from Brno, Czech Republic, Upper Palaeolithic (right), and Neanderthal skull from La Chpelle, France

Homo sp. pelvis comparison C016 / 5936
Homo sp. pelvis comparison. Ilium of Homo heildebergensis (Broken Hill) and of Modern Homo sapiens. Superior view comparison of ileum pelvis bones of Homo heidelbergensis

Homo sp. pelvis comparison C016 / 5935
Homo sp. pelvis comparison. Side view comparison of pelvis (ischium) of a male Homo heidelbergensis, (Broken Hill E719) and a cast of Homo erectus Pelvis (OH28) discovered at Olduvai Gorge

Goughs Cave craniums and bones. Skull and bones fragments from modern humans (Homo sapiens) excavated from Goughs Cave, Cheddar Gorge, Somerset, UK

Homo sp. skulls C016 / 5932
Rear views of Homo erectus (Sangiran), H. heidelbergensis (Broken Hill), H. neanderthalensis, (La Ferrassie) and H. sapiens (Polynesia) skulls. Natural History Museum, London, UK

Goughs Cave cranium. Fragment of a modern human (Homo sapiens) skull, showing cut marks, excavated from Goughs Cave, Cheddar Gorge, Somerset, UK

Neanderthal skeleton C016 / 5666
Neandertal skeleton. Life size model of a male Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis) skeleton. This was created using a modified modern human skeleton and replicas of Neanderthal fossil bones

Hominoid and human mandible C016 / 5609
Hominoid and human mandible (lower jaw). Human mandible (left) compared with a Sivapithecus hominoid mandible. Sivapithecus, an extinct ape from the Miocene, lived 9 million years ago

Neanderthal tool C016 / 5607
Neanderthal artifact. Tool thought to have been used by Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis). Discovered at Tabun, Israel

Homo erectus cranium C016 / 5606
Cast of a Homo erectus cranium. The fossil this cast was taken from was discovered at Trinil, on the banks of the River Solo, Java, Indonesia

Solo man (Homo erectus) cranium C016 / 5605
Cast of the Solo Man (Homo erectus) cranium (Ngandong 1). The Solo Man cranium was discovered at Ngandong, close to the Solo River on the island of Java, Indonesia

Homo erectus cranium OH 9 C016 / 5604
Homo erectus cranium (OH 9). The skull of Homo erectus known as OH 9, found at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania by Louis Leakey in 1960. This specimen is 1.2 million years old

Homo heidelbergensis mandible (Mauer 1) C016 / 5208
Homo heidelbergensis mandible (Mauer 1). Cast of the fossil mandible from the Homo heidelbergensis specimen discovered by workmen in 1907 at Mauer, Germany

Homo habilis carniums casts from Olduvai Gorge and Koobi For
The white cranium is Homo habilis discovered at Koobi Fora, East Turkana, Kenya believed to have lived about 1.8 million years ago

Skull cups and bone fragments, Goughs Cave
Skull cups identified among human remains from Goughs Cave, Somerset. At around 14, 700 years old, the skull cups are the oldest directly dated examples in the world

Homo heidelbergensis mandible casts (Mauer 1 and Swartkrans)
The larger mandible is a cast from Homo heidelbergensis and was discovered by workmen at Mauer sand-pit, Germany in 1907. The smaller is of a mandible discovered in Swartkrans, South Africa

Paranthropus robustus cranium (SK 48)
A cast of the cranium belonging to an adult female Paranthropus robustus discovered at Swartkrans, South Africa by Dr. Robert Broom and J.T. Robinson. P. robustus lived around 1.5 million years ago

Aurignacian tools
A bone point, probably a spearhead and a flint end-scraper tool of Aurignacian age, 30, 000 - 34, 000 years old from France

Australopithecus africanus model
Model of an adult female Australopithecus africanus reconstructed from remains found at Sterkfontein, South Africa. Probably lived about 2.5 million years ago during the Plio-Pleistocene

Skull cup found at Goughs Cave
A skull cup identified among human remains from Goughs Cave, Somerset. At around 14, 700 years old, the skull cups are the oldest directly dated examples in the world

Australopithecus sp. hip bone
The hip bone (Os coxae) of Australopithecus from Sterkfontein, South Africa

Homo habilis cranium & mandible fragment casts
Casts of fragments mandible and cranium fragments of a Homo habilis discovered at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania dating back to between 1.85 million years ago to 1.6 million years ago

Australopithecus sp. thigh & hip bone

Homo sapiens cranium
A cast of a human (Homo sapiens) cranium held at the Natural History Museum, London

Part of human perinatal skeleton from Poundbury Cemetery (Romano-British, 2nd / 3rd century A.D.), Dorset

Venus in limestone
Figure of a woman, or Venus, engraved in limestone, Gravettian age 22, 000 - 30, 000 years old (Upper Palaeolithic) from Abri Pataud in France. Created by Cro-Magnon man

Australopithecus sediba
Exact fossil replicas of two of the most complete skeletons of early human relatives ever found. These replicas come from the University of Witwaterstand

Hoxnian anters, bones & hand axe from Swanscombe
Part of a deer antler, fragment of elephant bone and flint hand axe all discovered at Swanscombe, Kent, south of the River Thames

Lower jaw casts of Paranthropus robustus (Swartkrans 23) and
From Swartkrans, South Africa (left) and Peninj, Tanzania (right)

Romano-british human collar bone
Anterior of medial end of right collar bone of a human skeleton from Radley in Oxfordshire. Age between 50 BC and 410 AD

Homo heidelbergensis cranium (Petralona 1)
An adult male cranium (cast) discovered at the foot of Katsika Hill, Petralona, south east of Thessaloniki, Greece. The specimen dates back 400, 000 years. It was discovered by J

Homo erectus cranium (OH9)
The cranium (cast) of Homo erectus discovered at Bed II, site LLK at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania by Louis Leakey in 1960. This specimen is the Holotype of Homo leakeyi. This specimen dates back c

Homo sapiens (Goughs Cave 190) cranium
Modern human skull showing cut marks excavated from Goughs Cave, Cheddar, Somerset dated at around 14, 000 to 12, 000 years old, late upper palaeolithic (Creswellian)

Paragonimus sp. parasitic worm
Human lung fluke, a parasitic worm. Common in South East Asia, in 1980 there were thought to be 3 million people infected

Homo sapiens cranium (Mladec 1)
Lateral view of a cast of a skull belonging to a male Homo sapiens discovered at Mladec, Boceks Cave by J. Szombathy, June 1881

Homo sapiens cranium (Qafzeh 6)
Lateral view of a cast of (Qafzeh 6), a homo sapiens cranium with dentition. Discovered at Djebel Kafzeh, Israel by R. Neuville & M. Stekelis, 1934. Middle Palaeolithic 250, 000-35, 000 BP

Homo sapiens (Goughs Cave) ulna
Broken human ulna excavated from Goughs Cave, Cheddar, Somerset dated at around 14, 000 to 12, 000 years old, late upper palaeolithic (Creswellian)

Homo sapiens skull
Lateral and frontal view of a cast of Homo sapiens skull from Eliye Springs, Kenya. Middle Pleistocene 790, 000-130, 000

Homo sapiens (Goughs Cave 6) mandible
Adult mandible excavated from Goughs Cave, Cheddar, Somerset dates back to around 14, 000 to12, 000 years ago (Creswellian)

Homo sapiens cranium (Mungo 3)
Frontal view of a cast of a skull belonging to Homo sapiens, discovered off Lake Mungo, North East of Mildura, Australia

Homo neanderthalensis cranium (Guattari 1)
Frontal view of a cast of the skull belonging to Homo Neanderthalensis (Neandertal Man), adult male, discovered at Grotta Guattari, Mount Circeo, Italy, by A. Guattari, 1939

Homo sapiens cranium (Stetten 1)
Frontal view of a cast of a cranium belonging to an adult, possibly male, Homo sapiens discovered at Cave Vogelherd-Hohle, North West of Stetten by G. Riek, July 1931

Homo sapiens cranium (Singa 1)
Lateral view of a Homo sapiens skull discovered at Singa, West bank of the River Nile, Sudan, by W.R.G Bond, February 1924

Homo sapiens cranium (Mladec 5)
Lateral view of a cast of an adult male Homo sapiens skull disovered at Mladec (Lautsch), Boceks Cave, N. Moravia, Czech Republic, by workers, March 1904

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"Hominini: Unveiling the Evolutionary Journey of Humanity" Step into the fascinating world of Hominini, a diverse group of primates that includes our ancient ancestors. From the sensory homunculus mapping our intricate neural pathways to the hominid crania revealing clues about their intelligence and culture, each discovery paints a vivid picture of our evolutionary past. Meet Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288-1), affectionately known as Lucy, whose fossilized remains provide crucial insights into early human bipedalism. As we explore further, we encounter Homo erectus (Sangiran 17) and ponder their migration out of Africa, paving the way for Homo sapiens and Neanderthals. The motor homunculus showcases how different areas in our brain control specific body movements while Homo neanderthalensis demonstrates their prowess with a Neanderthal spear point at Swanscombe, UK. Meanwhile, Paranthropus boisei (Zinjanthropus) cranium (OH5) offers glimpses into an extinct branch diverging from our own lineage. Delving deeper still, we uncover intriguing artifacts like The Makapansgat Pebble—a remarkable example of early symbolic thinking—and marvel at the complexity within us all. From the liver's vital role in metabolism to studying human cells under a microscope, every aspect contributes to understanding what it means to be human. As we piece together this mosaic of humanity's story through time and space, one thing becomes clear: Hominini is not just an exploration but also an appreciation for how far we have come. Let us embrace this journey with curiosity and awe as we continue unraveling the mysteries that connect us all.