Laboratory Equipment Collection (#3)

The electric furnace, 1890-1910. French advertising for Liebig Extract of Meat

James Dewar, Scottish chemist and physicist in his laboratory, c1890. In 1872 Dewar (1842-1923) invented the vacuum flask, one of which hs is shown holding

Antoine Lavoisiers apparatus for weighing gases, 1789. The discoverer of oxygen, French chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794) is regarded as the founder of the modern science of chemistry

Antoine Lavoisiers apparatus for synthesizing water from hydrogen (left) and oxygen (right), 1881. The discoverer of oxygen

Guillaume Francois Riuelle, 18th century French chemist, 1874. Riuelle (1703-1770) was the teacher of Antoine Lavoisier, the French chemist who discovered oxygen

Lavoisiers investigation of the existence of oxygen in the air, late 18th century, (1894). French chemist Antoine Lavoisiers (1743-1794) experiment to demonstrate the existence of oxygen

Rumfords calorimeter, 1887. During his work in determining the efficiency of different fuels the Anglo-American scientist Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford (1753-1814)

Laboratory for refining gold and silver, showing typical laboratory equipment, 1683. 1) Athanor or Slow Harry, a self-feeding furnace maintaining a constant temperature

William Henry Bragg, English physicist, early 20th century
William Henry Bragg, English physicist, 20th century. The founder of X-ray crystallography, Bragg (1862-1942) is shown here using an X-ray spectrometer

Microscopes and microscopical objects, 1750. I: Wilsons pocket microscope. II: Scroll microscope. III: Tripod microscope - improved form of Marshalls double microscope

The amateur chemists laboratory bench, 1860. Artist: M & N Hanhart
The amateur chemists laboratory bench, 1860. The largest item on the bench is a Liebig condenser, a piece of apparatus devised by the German chemist Justus von Liebig (1803-1873)

Henri Moissan, French chemist, c1883 (1903). Moissan (1852-1907) working on fluorine in his laboratory at l Ecole de pharmacie, Paris. He isolated fluorine in 1883

Henri Moissan, French chemist, c1900. Moissan (1852-1907) recovering diamonds after dissolving the iron surrounding them after the final stage in his production of artificial diamonds at the Edison

Thomas Edison, American inventor, in his laboratory, Menlo Park, New Jersey, USA, 1870s (1920s)
Thomas Alva Edison, American inventor, in his laboratory at Menlo Park, New Jersey, USA, working on the perfection of the incandescent light bulb, 1870s (1920s)

Alchemical laboratory showing various forms of furnace and vessels, 1652. From Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum by Elias Ashmole. (London, 1652)

The four great alchemists, 1652. Artist: Robert Vaughan
The four great alchemists, 1652. From left to right: Al-Jabir (Geber, 14th century Spanish); Arnald or Arnold of Villanova (Spanish, c1240-c1310); Rhazes (Abu Bakr Abu Bakr al-Razi)

Thomas Edisons improved form of JW Trowbridges electric dynamometer, 1879. Edison (1847-1931) was a prolific inventor who registered over 1000 patents

Thomas Edisons generator for electric light at his home at Menlo Park, New Jersey, USA, 1879. Behind the doors is the 80 hp engine

Giant galvanometer in the physics laboratory, Cornell University, New York, USA, 1886. A galvanometer is an instrument for measuring small electric currents

Physics research laboratory at the Sorbonne, Paris 1895
Physics research laboratory at the Sorbonne, Paris, 1895

Pierre and Marie Curie, French scientists, at work in the laboratory. Polish-born Marie Curie (1867-1934) and her husband Pierre (1859-1906)

Apparatus used by Pierre and Marie Curie in their research into radium, 1904. This equipment was used by the Curies to investigate the deflection of the beta rays from radium in a magnetic field

Spectrum analysis, 1873. A magic lantern being used to project slides during a lecture on spectrum analysis at the Royal Polytechnic Institution, London

Spectroscope, 1882. A spectroscope of the type used by Gustave Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887) and Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (1811-1899) in studying the emission spectra of heated chemical elements

Robert Boyles second air pump, c1660 (1725). The pump is being used to evacuate a bell jar to examine the effect on an animal inside it

Air pump built for Robert Boyle by Robert Hooke, 1660. Robert Boyle (1627-1691) was a physicist and chemist who carried out many experiments on air, vacuum, combustion, and respiration

Luigi Galvanis experiments with electricity, 1791. An electrostatic machine, a Leyden jar and various experiments conducted by Italian physiologist Galvani (1737-1798)

Charles Herbert Best, Canadian physiologist, 1960. Bell (1899-1978) with an assistant (left) in the laboratory. Bell assisted Frederick Banting to isolate insulin (1921)

Wallace Hume Carothers, American industrial chemist, c1927-1937. Carothers (1896-1937), seen here in the laboratory, discovered nylon while working for the Dupont Company in 1927

Distillation, 1500. The Rosenhut, a form of still. From Liber de arte distillandi de simplicibus by Hieronymus Braunschweig. (Strasbourg, 1500)

Industrial laboratory at Thomas Firth & Sons Norfolk Works, Sheffield, c1900. Thomas Firth & Sons Ltd was founded c1840 by Mark Firth

Wilsons cloud chamber, c1927. Artist: Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
Wilsons cloud chamber, c1927. Charles Thompson Rees Wilson (1869-1959), Scottish nuclear and atomic physicist, was award the 1927 Nobel prize for Physics for the invention of his cloud chamber

Chemical lecture, 1802. Artist: James Gillray
Chemical lecture; Scientific Researches! - New Discoveries in Pneumaticks! or - an Experimental Lecture on the Powers of Air!, 1802

L Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, Paris, 1887. First year students doing practical work in the laboratory

Soap manufacturing, c1905. The Vinolia Soap Companys London laboratory where raw materials and essential oils were tested

Sir William Crookes, English physicist and chemist, c1900s. Artist: Spy
Sir William Crookes, English physicist and chemist, c1900s. After studying at the Royal College of Chemistry, London, Crookes went on to make significant contributions in several fields of science

Radium experiment, 1904. Artist: Poyet
Radium experiment, 1904. Paths of alpha, beta, and gamma particles from a radium sample placed between the poles of an electromagnet, as used in Marie and Pierre Curies laboratory, Paris

Louis Pasteur, 1885. Artist: Albert Edelfelt
Louis Pasteur, 1885. Pasteur (1822-1895), French chemist and biologist at work in his laboratory. Pasteur developed the pasteurisation process which kills pathogens in milk, wine and foods

Part of Pierre and Marie Curies laboratory, Paris, 1904. It was here that they did much of their work on magnetism and radioacticity which led to the 1903 Nobel prize for physics which they shared

Work of Marie and Pierre Curie, 1904. High voltage equipment used by Pierre and Marie Curie to investigate the electrical conductivity of air exposed to radium. From La Nature. (Paris, 1904)

Electroscope fitted with microscope, 1904. This instrument was used in the Curies laboratory, Paris, to detect the presence of radioactivity. From La Nature. (Paris, 1904)

A corner of Pierre and Marie Curies laboratory, Paris, 1904. It was here that they did much of their work on magnetism and radioacticity which led to the 1903 Nobel prize for physics which they

JJ Thomson, British physicist, at work in the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge. Joseph John Thomson (1856-1940) discovered the electron and was a pioneer of nuclear physics

Spectroscopy. A spectrosopist observing (top). At the bottom, from left to right; absorption spectra of indigo, chromic chloride and magenta

William Crookes, British physicist and chemist, 1903. Artist: Spy
William Crookes, British physicist and chemist, 1903. Crookes (1832-1919) holding the discharge tube which carries his name

Pierre and Marie Curie, French physicists, 1904. Polish-born Marie Curie and her husband Pierre continued the work on radioactivity started by Henri Becquerel

John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, British scientist, 1899. Lord Rayleigh (1842-1919) isolated the element Argon, one of the noble (inert) gases

Henri Moissan, French chemist, 1900. Moissan (1852-1907) at his desk at the Edison workshops, Paris, where he worked on the production of artificial diamonds

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"Exploring the World of Science: A Journey through Laboratory Equipment" Step into the world of scientific discovery as we delve into the fascinating realm of laboratory equipment. From groundbreaking experiments to revolutionary discoveries, these tools have played a pivotal role in shaping our understanding of the natural world. In 1935, French scientists Frederic Joliot and Irene Joliot-Curie paved the way for nuclear chemistry with their pioneering research. Their work laid the foundation for future advancements in this field, forever changing our perception of atomic structure. The importance of maintaining a safe environment cannot be overstated, especially when dealing with hazardous substances like Salmonella culture or bacterial culture. Laboratory equipment ensures that researchers can handle these materials safely while studying their properties and effects. Microscopes have been instrumental in unraveling some of nature's most intricate secrets. Focus stacked images reveal an inverted wonderland on microscope slides - diatoms. These single-celled algae not only produce a significant portion of Earth's oxygen but also play a crucial role in global carbon fixation. Throughout history, notable figures have made indelible contributions to science. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier and his wife were immortalized by Jacques-Louis David in 1788, symbolizing their dedication to chemical analysis and establishing modern chemistry as we know it today. Artistic depictions often capture moments frozen in time, shedding light on scientific practices from centuries past. The frontispiece for the Society of Etchers from 1863 showcases Paris' Municipal Chemical Laboratory - a hub where innovative minds converged to push boundaries and unlock new knowledge. David Wiley's portrait from around 1801 portrays him engrossed in his scientific pursuits - a testament to the unwavering curiosity that drives researchers forward. Similarly, "Man of Science" (1839) encapsulates the spirit of exploration shared by countless individuals dedicated to expanding human knowledge. "In the Laboratory" (ca.