Secondary Structure Collection (page 5)

Relaxin hormone molecule. Computer model showing the secondary structure of a molecule of the hormone relaxin. The alpha helices (ribbons) of the secondary structure can be seen

Human chorionic gonadotrophin molecule. Computer model showing the crystal structure of a molecule of the hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)

Somatotrophin hormone molecule. Computer model showing the secondary structure of the human growth hormone somatotrophin (GH)

Kinase molecule, secondary structure
Kinase molecule, computer model. Kinases are enzymes that catalyse the transfer of phosphate groups from a high-energy phosphate-containing molecule (such as ATP or ADP)

Caspase 3 molecule
Caspase-3 molecule. Computer artwork showing the secondary structure of a molecule of caspase-3. Caspase-3 is a protease, an enzyme that cleaves proteins

Caspase 1 molecule
Caspase-1 molecule. Computer artwork showing the secondary structure of a molecule of caspase-1. Caspase-1 is a protease, an enzyme that cleaves proteins

Lipase molecule, secondary structure
Lipase molecule, computer model. Lipase is an enzyme that breaks lipids (fats) into fatty acids and glycerol. Human pancreatic lipase is the main enzyme responsible for breaking down fat in the human

Cholinesterase enzyme. Molecular model of the secondary structure of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), showing alpha helices (blue) and beta sheets (red and yellow)

Ferroxidase enzyme, molecular model
Ferroxidase enzyme. Molecular model showing two views of the secondary structure of the human enzyme ferroxidase, also known as ceruloplasmin. Copper atoms are represented as red spheres

Synthetic peptide fibre, molecular model
Synthetic peptide fibre. Molecular model of a synthetic collagen-like peptide fibre, showing three different ways of representing the structure. Peptides are small molecules formed from amino acids

Viral dUTPase enzyme, molecular model
dUTPase enzyme. Molecular model of the enzyme dUTP pyrophosphatase (dUTPase) from the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)

Cyclin-depenent kinase 5 molecule
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5. Molecular model showing the secondary structure of the enzyme cylcin- dependent kinase 5 (cdk5)

Hammerhead ribozyme molecule
Hammerhead ribozyme, molecular model. Ribozymes are RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecules that catalyse certain biochemical reactions

Liver proteins
C-reactive proteins, computer artwork. C-reactive proteins (CRPs) are produced by the liver during periods of acute inflammation

Protein from outer coat of SARS virus
SARS virus capsid protein, molecular model. This protein is responsible for binding the capsid (outer coat) of the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)

Influenza A virus haemagglutinin protein
Haemagglutinin protein from the surface of Influenza A virus, molecular model. This protein, known as haemagglutinin, is found on the surface of the influenza A virus

Anthrax lethal factor protein
Anthrax lethal factor, molecular model. Lethal factor (LF) is one of the toxins produced by spores of the bacterium Bacillis anthracis

Human growth hormone, molecular model
Human growth hormone. Molecular model showing the secondary structure of human growth hormone (hGH), a hormone produced in the anterior pituitary gland in the brain

Bacteriochlorophyll-containing protein. Molecular models showing two views of the bacteriochlorophyll-containing protein found in the bacterium Prosthecochloris aestuarii

FMD virus surface protein
Foot-and-mouth disease virus surface protein, molecular model. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) affects cloven-hooved mammals, commonly cattle and pigs

Human RSV fusion core protein
Fusion core protein from the outer coat of the human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), molecular model. RSV causes respiratory tract infections, usually with mild symptoms

Antithrombin molecule
Antithrombin, molecular model. Antithrombin is a glycoprotein produced in the liver that inhibits enzymes involved in blood clotting

Microglobulin protein, molecular model
Microglobulin protein. Molecular models of two overlapping views of the protein beta-2 microglobulin. This protein, with a relatively small molecular mass

Bluetongue virus protein VP7 structure
Bluetongue virus protein VP7, molecular model. VP7 is a protein forming part of the coating of the bluetongue virus. This virus, transmitted by midges

Birch pollen allergen. Molecular model of the secondary structure of Bet v 1l, the molecule responsible for allergic reactions to birch pollen

Cytochrome P450 molecule
Cytochrome P450 protein. Molecular model showing the secondary structure of cytochrome P450. This protein plays a crucial role in metabolism in animals (including humans), fungi, plants and bacteria

Cd28 antigen molecule. Computer model showing the secondary structure of cd28. Cd28 is an antigen found on the surface of T cells

Reverse transcriptase enzyme from HIV, molecular model. This enzyme is from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes AIDS

Interleukin-10, molecular model
Interleukin-10. Molecular model of the secondary structure of interleukin-10, a small protein known as a cytokine that plays an important regulatory role in the bodys immune system

Mouse urinary protein, molecular model
Mouse urinary protein (MUP), molecular model. MUP refers to a family of similar proteins found in mouse urine. The proteins act as pheromones, airborne chemical signals

Bluetongue virus protein structure. Molecular model of some of the protein structures found in the protein coating of the bluetongue virus (BTV)

Interferon, molecular model
Interferon. Molecular model showing the secondary structure of a molecule of interferon. Interferons are proteins produced by white blood cells as part of the immune response to invading pathogens

Influenza B virus neuraminidase enzyme
Neuraminidase enzyme, molecular model. This enzyme is found on the surface of the influenza B virus. It plays a role in releasing the viruses from infected cells once they have used the cells

Insulin molecule, computer artwork. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas. It consists of two peptide chains, A and B, which are linked by disulphide bridges

Hepatitis A virus 3C proteinase enzyme
3C proteinase enzyme from hepatitis A virus, molecular model. This proteinase (protein- cleaving) enzyme is produced by the hepatitis A virus

GST enzyme conferring DDT resistance
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme from a malaria-carrying strain of mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, molecular model. GSTs detoxify foreign substances in the body of the mosquito

Testosterone bound to receptor, artwork
Testosterone bound to receptor. Molecular model of a molecule of the male sex hormone testosterone (ball-and-stick primary structure) bound to a human androgen receptor (secondary structure)

Green fluorescent protein, computer model. This protein is found in the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. When ultraviolet or blue light shines on the protein, it emits green light

Cobra venom action, molecular model
Cobra (Naja sp.) venom action. Molecular model showing top (upper centre) and side (lower centre) views of the secondary structure of an alpha-cobratoxin (snake venom protein)

RNA polymerase from Norwalk virus
RNA polymerase enzyme from Norwalk virus, molecular model. This enzyme makes RNA (ribonucleic acid) from the RNA template within the virus

RNA polymerase from rabies virus, molecular model. This is a single subunit from an enzyme, involved in the replication of the rabies viruss RNA after it has infected a host cell

Interleukin-6, molecular model
Interleukin-6. Molecular model of the secondary structure of the cytokine protein interleukin-6. This protein is produced in the body and has a wide variety of functions in the immune system

Phosphofructokinase bacterial enzyme
Phosphofructokinase enzyme, molecular model. This enzyme is from the spirochaete bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme disease

Diphtheria toxin structure
Diphtheria toxin, molecular model. This model shows the toxin produced by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the cause of diphtheria

Hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase enzyme
Hepatitis C virus enzyme, molecular model. This protein, called NS5B, forms the active site of the viruss RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme

TGN1412 drug molecule. Computer model showing the secondary structure of the drug TGN1412. This drug was shown to have serious side effects during a clinical trial in the UK in 2006 when it caused

Protein from measles virus
Proteins from the measles virus, molecular model. A domain of the viruss P protein (upper, blue, green and yellow) is seen here in complex with part of the N protein (lower, red)

Phenylbutazone anti-inflammatory molecule
Phenylbutazone anti-inflammatory drug. Molecular model showing the secondary structure of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) phenylbutazone

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Secondary structure refers to the intricate folding patterns that proteins and nucleic acids adopt, playing a crucial role in their functionality. In one captivating image, an anaesthetic inhibits an ion channel (C015/6718), highlighting how secondary structure impacts cellular processes. Another snapshot showcases DNA transcription, unveiling the molecular model of this essential process. Artwork depicting the secondary structure of proteins captivates our imagination as we marvel at the intricacy and beauty within each fold. The nucleosome molecule further emphasizes this complexity, showcasing how DNA wraps around histone proteins to form a compact structure. The bacterial ribosome stands tall as a testament to secondary structures' significance in protein synthesis. Meanwhile, the HIV reverse transcription enzyme reminds us of its vital role in converting viral RNA into DNA during infection. Molecular models provide insight into hepatitis C virus enzymes and interferon molecules—both critical players in disease progression and immune response modulation. Similarly, human growth hormone molecules hold immense importance for development and metabolism regulation. Exploring coagulation factor complex molecules (C014/0139) unravels mechanisms behind blood clotting—a process dependent on precise secondary structures working together seamlessly. Ghrelin hormone molecules intrigue us with their involvement in appetite regulation and energy balance maintenance. From anaesthetics influencing ion channels to hormones orchestrating bodily functions, understanding secondary structures unlocks countless mysteries within biological systems. These captivating images remind us of the intricate dance occurring at a microscopic level—the delicate folds dictating life's grand symphony.