Secondary Structure Collection (page 6)

GST enzyme conferring DDT resistance
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme from a malaria-carrying strain of mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, molecular model. GSTs detoxify foreign substances in the body of the mosquito

Testosterone bound to receptor, artwork
Testosterone bound to receptor. Molecular model of a molecule of the male sex hormone testosterone (ball-and-stick primary structure) bound to a human androgen receptor (secondary structure)

Green fluorescent protein, computer model. This protein is found in the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. When ultraviolet or blue light shines on the protein, it emits green light

Cobra venom action, molecular model
Cobra (Naja sp.) venom action. Molecular model showing top (upper centre) and side (lower centre) views of the secondary structure of an alpha-cobratoxin (snake venom protein)

RNA polymerase from Norwalk virus
RNA polymerase enzyme from Norwalk virus, molecular model. This enzyme makes RNA (ribonucleic acid) from the RNA template within the virus

RNA polymerase from rabies virus, molecular model. This is a single subunit from an enzyme, involved in the replication of the rabies viruss RNA after it has infected a host cell

Interleukin-6, molecular model
Interleukin-6. Molecular model of the secondary structure of the cytokine protein interleukin-6. This protein is produced in the body and has a wide variety of functions in the immune system

Phosphofructokinase bacterial enzyme
Phosphofructokinase enzyme, molecular model. This enzyme is from the spirochaete bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme disease

Diphtheria toxin structure
Diphtheria toxin, molecular model. This model shows the toxin produced by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the cause of diphtheria

Hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase enzyme
Hepatitis C virus enzyme, molecular model. This protein, called NS5B, forms the active site of the viruss RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme

TGN1412 drug molecule. Computer model showing the secondary structure of the drug TGN1412. This drug was shown to have serious side effects during a clinical trial in the UK in 2006 when it caused

Protein from measles virus
Proteins from the measles virus, molecular model. A domain of the viruss P protein (upper, blue, green and yellow) is seen here in complex with part of the N protein (lower, red)

Phenylbutazone anti-inflammatory molecule
Phenylbutazone anti-inflammatory drug. Molecular model showing the secondary structure of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) phenylbutazone

THG anabolic steroid and receptor
THG bound to receptor. Molecular model of a molecule of the anabolic steroid drug tetrahydrogestrinone (THG, ball-and-stick primary structure) bound to a human androgen receptor (secondary structure)

HIV antibody therapy. Molecular model of the interaction of the HIV surface protein gp120 (green, lower right) as it interacts with a human white blood cell surface protein (CD4, blue)

Cholesterol enzyme affected by a drug
Cholesterol enzyme being affected by a drug. Molecular model of the shape of the human enzyme Hmg-Coa reductase interacting (complexed) with the anti-cholesterol drug Fluvastatin (not seen)

HIV enzyme being affected by a drug. Molecular model of HIVs reverse transcriptase enzyme as it interacts with a drug (not seen)

Follicle stimulating hormone molecule. Computer artwork showing the secondary structure of a molecule of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH, bottom) and its receptor (FSHR, top)

Erythropoietin molecule bound to receptors. Computer model of a molecule of erythropoietin (EPO) (orange) bound to two extracellular EPO receptors (pink and purple)

Insulin hormone, molecular model
Insulin hormone. Molecular model of the bovine form of the hormone insulin, produced by the pancreas in mammals to aid the body in metabolising sugars

Thrombin protein, secondary structure
Thrombin protein, computer model. Thrombin is a protein involved in the blood coagulation (clotting) process. It converts fibrinogen (a soluble plasma glycoprotein synthesised in the liver)

GAGA transcription factor molecule. Molecular model showing the primary (rods) and secondary (helices) structure of GAGA factor (green and blue)

Chinese scorpion toxin structure. Molecular model showing the crystal structure of toxin BmBKTtx1, produced by the Chinese scorpion (Buthus martensi Karsch)

NovoSeven clotting protein molecule
NovoSeven clotting protein, molecular model. NovoSeven is the brand name for an artificial version of the natural blood protein Factor VII, or proconvertin

Cytochrome P450 protein, molecular model. This protein plays a crucial role in metabolism in animals (including humans), fungi, plants and bacteria

Section of human apolipoprotein A-I, molecular model. This is a fragment of a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) molecule known as an apolipoprotein

Integration host factor and DNA. Computer model of integration host factor (IHF, centre) bound to a molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, semi- circle). The secondary structure of IHF is shown

C-reactive protein, molecular models. Two molecules of the protein are seen. The protein is made up of five sub-units (monomers) arranged in a ring

Human rhinovirus capsid proteins, molecular model. These are proteins from the capsid (outer protein coat) of rhinovirus 14. Rhinoviruses are responsible for causing about 50% of common colds

Haemagglutinin from bird flu virus, molecular model. This protein, H5, is found on the surface of the bird flu virus H5N1

Lipase molecule. Computer model showing the secondary structure of lipase. Alpha-helices are blue and beta-sheets are purple

DNA polymerase Klenow fragment
Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I. Computer model showing the secondary (alpha-helices and beta-sheets) and primary (ball-and-stick) structures of the Klenow, or large

Protein tyrosine phosphatase molecule. Computer model of the secondary structure of an intermediate form of protein tyrosine phosphatase. Beta-sheets are purple and alpha-helices are blue

Enzyme from a sulphur-reducing bacterium. Molecular model of the enzyme aldehyde oxidoreductase from the Desulfovibrio gigas sulphur-reducing bacterium

Yeast enzyme, molecular model
Yeast enzyme. Molecular model of an enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Bakers yeast). This enzyme is 20S proteasome. A proteasome is a complex type of proteinase (protein-digesting enzyme)

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2). Molecular models of the secondary structure (top) and the tertiary structure (bottom) of FGFR2

Single stranded DNA-binding protein (SSBP). Molecular model showing the secondary and tertiary structures of a protein that binds to the single stranded DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Nerve growth factor, molecular model
Nerve growth factor. Molecular model showing the secondary structure of nerve growth factor (NGF). NGF is a small protein, which is involved in the growth

Nitrogenase protein, molecular model
Nitrogenase protein. Molecular model of the MoFe protein, one of two proteins (MoFe and Fe) that combine to form the enzyme nitrogenase

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Secondary structure refers to the intricate folding patterns that proteins and nucleic acids adopt, playing a crucial role in their functionality. In one captivating image, an anaesthetic inhibits an ion channel (C015/6718), highlighting how secondary structure impacts cellular processes. Another snapshot showcases DNA transcription, unveiling the molecular model of this essential process. Artwork depicting the secondary structure of proteins captivates our imagination as we marvel at the intricacy and beauty within each fold. The nucleosome molecule further emphasizes this complexity, showcasing how DNA wraps around histone proteins to form a compact structure. The bacterial ribosome stands tall as a testament to secondary structures' significance in protein synthesis. Meanwhile, the HIV reverse transcription enzyme reminds us of its vital role in converting viral RNA into DNA during infection. Molecular models provide insight into hepatitis C virus enzymes and interferon molecules—both critical players in disease progression and immune response modulation. Similarly, human growth hormone molecules hold immense importance for development and metabolism regulation. Exploring coagulation factor complex molecules (C014/0139) unravels mechanisms behind blood clotting—a process dependent on precise secondary structures working together seamlessly. Ghrelin hormone molecules intrigue us with their involvement in appetite regulation and energy balance maintenance. From anaesthetics influencing ion channels to hormones orchestrating bodily functions, understanding secondary structures unlocks countless mysteries within biological systems. These captivating images remind us of the intricate dance occurring at a microscopic level—the delicate folds dictating life's grand symphony.