Ribonucleic Acid Collection (page 2)

DNA transcription, illustration C018 / 0900
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) transcription. Illustration of an RNA (ribonucelic acid) polymerase molecule (centre) synthesising an mRNA (messenger RNA) strand (bottom)

Adenine molecule, artwork C017 / 7200
Adenine molecule. Computer artwork showing the structure of a molecule of the nucleobase adenine. Atoms are colour-coded spheres: carbon (green), nitrogen (blue), and oxygen (white)

Cytosine-guanine interaction, artwork C017 / 7215
Cytosine-guanine interaction. Computer artwork showing the structure of bound cytosine (left) and guanine molecules (right)

Thymine molecule, artwork C017 / 7366
Thymine molecule. Computer artwork showing the structure of a molecule of the nucleobase thymine. Atoms are colour-coded spheres: carbon (green), nitrogen (blue), oxygen (red), and hydrogen (white)

Thymine molecule, artwork C017 / 7365
Thymine molecule. Computer artwork showing the structure of a molecule of the nucleobase thymine. Atoms are colour-coded spheres: carbon (green), nitrogen (blue), oxygen (red), and hydrogen (white)

Cytosine-guanine interaction, artwork C017 / 7216
Cytosine-guanine interaction. Computer artwork showing the structure of bound cytosine (left) and guanine molecules (right)

Thymine-adenine interaction, artwork C017 / 7367
Thymine-adenine interaction. Computer artwork showing the structure of bound thymine and adenine molecules. Atoms are shown as colour-coded spheres: carbon (green), hydrogen (white)

Retrovirus, artwork F007 / 6437
Retrovirus, computer artwork. Retroviruses are viruses that have an RNA (ribonucleic acid) genome. They use reverse transcriptase to create a DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Glycine riboswitch molecule F007 / 9921
Molecular model of the bacterial glycine riboswitch. This is an RNA element that can bind the amino acid glycine. Glycine riboswitches usually consist of two metabolite-binding aptamer domains tandem

Glycine riboswitch molecule F007 / 9906
Molecular model of the bacterial glycine riboswitch. This is an RNA element that can bind the amino acid glycine. Glycine riboswitches usually consist of two metabolite-binding aptamer domains tandem

Human 80S ribosome F007 / 9902
Ribosomal subunit. Computer model showing the structure of the RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecules in an 80S (large) ribosomal sub-unit. Ribosomes are composed of protein and RNA

Human 80S ribosome F007 / 9898
Ribosomal subunit. Computer model showing the structure of the RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecules in an 80S (large) ribosomal sub-unit. Ribosomes are composed of protein and RNA

Microtubes of RNA samples F008 / 2041
Microtubes of RNA samples

tRNA molecule
Transfer RNA (tRNA), molecular model. tRNA (transfer ribonucleic acid) translates messenger RNA (mRNA) into a protein product. Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid, in this case tryptophan

Gene expression, artwork
Gene expression. Computer artwork showing the process of transcription, the first stage or gene expression. Here, a chromosome (distance)

Adenine molecule, artwork C017 / 7199
Adenine molecule. Computer artwork showing the structure of a molecule of the nucleobase adenine. Atoms are colour-coded spheres: carbon (green), nitrogen (blue), and oxygen (white)

Nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum F006 / 9196
Computer artwork showing part of a human or eukaryotic cell. In the middle the nucleus which has a membrane with nuclear pores. Inside the nucleus is the DNA

Ribonuclease A molecule F006 / 9768
Ribonuclease A (RNAse A), molecular model. Ribonuclease (RNase) is a type of nuclease that catalyses the degradation of RNA (ribonucleic acid)

tRNA molecule F006 / 9764
Transfer RNA (tRNA), molecular model. tRNA (transfer ribonucleic acid) translates messenger RNA (mRNA) into a protein product

Marburg viral protein 35 and RNA F006 / 9759
Marburg viral protein 35 and RNA. Molecular model of the Marburg viral protein 35 (VP35) bound to a molecule of double stranded RNA (ribonucleic acid)

RNA triplet repeat expansion F006 / 9749
RNA triplet repeat expansion. Molecular model of a CUG triplet repeat expansion in a molecule of double stranded RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Iron-regulatory protein bound to RNA F006 / 9727
Iron-regulatory protein bound to RNA, molecular model. Iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1, purple) bound to a short strand of RNA (ribonucleic acid, red) that includes iron-responsive elements (IREs)

Ebola viral protein 35 and RNA F006 / 9697
Ebola viral protein 35 and RNA. Molecular model of the Ebola viral protein 35 (VP35) bound to a molecule of double stranded RNA (ribonucleic acid)

mRNA capping apparatus F006 / 9694
mRNA capping apparatus. Molecular model of the Cet-1-Ceg1 mRNA capping apparatus

Toll-like receptor 3 and RNA F006 / 9666
Toll-like receptor 3 and RNA. Molecular model of the toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) protein (pink and blue) bound to a strand of RNA (ribonucleic acid, green and yellow)

70S ribosome, molecular model F006 / 9651
70S ribosome, molecular model. Ribosomes are composed of protein and RNA (ribonucleic acid). In bacteria each ribosome consists of a small (30S) subunit and a large (50S) subunit

SelB elongation factor bound to RNA F006 / 9648
SelB elongation factor bound to RNA. Molecular model of the SelB elongation factor bound to an mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) hairpin formed by the selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS)

70S ribosome, molecular model F006 / 9638
70S ribosome. Molecular model of a 70S ribosome complex containing a Shine-Dalgarno helix, the point of mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) binding

Metal-sensing RNA molecule F006 / 9636
Metal-sensing RNA molecule. Molecular model of an M-box riboswitch, a length of RNA (ribonucleic acid) that regulates levels of metal ions in a cell

PolyA polymerase and RNA F006 / 9635
Poly(A) polymerase and RNA. Molecular model of poly(A) polymerase complexed with RNA (ribonucleic acid) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Internal ribosome entry site F006 / 9631
Internal ribosome entry site. Molecular model of an internal ribosome entry site nucleotide sequence from the hepatitis C virus. This sequence is essential for the initiation of viral translation

Cytosine molecule, artwork C017 / 7214
Cytosine molecule. Computer artwork showing the structure of a molecule of the nucleobase cytosine (2-oxy-4-aminopyrimidine)

RNA exosome complex, molecular model F006 / 9620
RNA exosome complex, molecular model. This multi-protein complex functions to break up strands of RNA (ribonucleic acid, pink) during biochemical processes

RNA editing enzyme F006 / 9615
RNA editing enzyme, molecular model. This enzyme binds to double-stranded RNA (ribonucleic acid)

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase molecule F006 / 9611
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, molecular model. This enzyme catalyses the replication of RNA (ribonucleic acid) from an RNA template

Viral RNA packaging signal complex F006 / 9609
Viral RNA packaging signal complex. Molecular model of the muPsi RNA packaging signal complex from the Rous sarcoma vuris

RNA-editing enzyme, molecular model F006 / 9599
RNA-editing enzyme. Molecular model of a left-handed, RNA double helix (Z-RNA, centre) bound by the Z alpha domain of the human RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 (double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase)

Ribonuclease bound to transfer RNA F006 / 9591
Ribonuclease bound to transfer RNA, molecular model. This complex consists of the ribonuclease Z (RNase Z, green and pink) enzyme bound to a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule (orange and blue)

RNA-induced silencing complex F006 / 9587
RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), molecular model. This complex consists of a bacterial argonaute protein (top right) bound to a small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecule (red and blue)

Double-stranded RNA-ribonuclease III F006 / 9585
Double-stranded RNA-ribonuclease III. Molecular model of ribonuclease III (RNase III, D44N, pink and green) complexed with a double-stranded RNA (ribonucleic acid) strand (red and blue)

RNA stem-loop motif, molecular model F006 / 9544
RNA stem-loop motif. Molecular model of the stem-loop II motif from the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) coronavirus. This RNA (ribonucleic acid) element is a target for antiviral drugs

Elongation factor Tu and tRNA F006 / 9522
Elongation factor Tu bound to tRNA (transfer ribonucleic acid), molecular model. This enzyme is involved in the elongation of polypeptide chains during translation

Transcription factor and ribosomal RNA F006 / 9530
Transcription factor and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Molecular model showing the 6 zinc fingers of transcription factor IIIA (yellow) bound to RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Self-splicing RNA intron, molecular model F006 / 9527
Self-splicing RNA intron, molecular model. Splicing is the process where a non-coding fragment (intron) of a strand of nucleic acid (DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; or RNA, ribonucleic acid) is removed

Transcription factor and ribosomal RNA F006 / 9516
Transcription factor and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Molecular model showing the 6 zinc fingers of transcription factor IIIA (yellow) bound to RNA (ribonucleic acid)

RNA-induced silencing complex F006 / 9502
RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), molecular model. This complex consists of a bacterial argonaute protein bound to a small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecule (red and blue)

Hammerhead ribozyme molecule F006 / 9492
Hammerhead ribozyme, molecular model. Ribozymes are RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecules that catalyse certain biochemical reactions

RNA interference viral suppressor and RNA F006 / 9488
RNA interference viral suppressor and RNA. Molecular model of the p19 protein (yellow) from a Tombusvirus, suppressing a double-stranded, small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecule (red and blue)

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"Unraveling the Secrets of Ribonucleic Acid: The Double-Stranded RNA Molecule" In the intricate world of molecular biology, ribonucleic acid (RNA) takes center stage as a vital player in various biological processes. This captivating molecule, often overshadowed by its famous cousin DNA, holds immense potential and complexity. DNA transcription sets the stage for RNA's crucial role. As a double-stranded RNA molecule unwinds, it serves as a template to synthesize single-stranded messenger RNA (mRNA), carrying genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. A mesmerizing molecular model showcases this elegant dance of transcription. Within bacterial ribosomes, another fascinating aspect unfolds. These cellular factories decode mRNA sequences into proteins through translation—a fundamental process that sustains life itself. Peering into their microscopic world reveals an awe-inspiring view of these tiny machines at work. But not all encounters with RNA are beneficial; some bring about disease-causing agents like human respiratory syncytial virus or paramyxovirus particles. Through electron microscopy, we witness their hauntingly beautiful structures—reminders of nature's delicate balance between beauty and danger. Electrophoresis techniques allow scientists to analyze and separate different types of RNAs based on size and charge—an invaluable tool in unraveling their mysteries. Such experiments reveal intriguing patterns under UV light that hint at hidden secrets within these molecules' structure and function. The realm of RNA extends beyond mere replication; it undergoes editing too. Molecular models showcase specialized enzymes responsible for altering specific nucleotides within an RNA sequence—a testament to nature's ingenuity in fine-tuning genetic information. Ribonucleases further highlight the multifaceted nature of RNAs—their ability to degrade both RNA-DNA hybrids and pure forms with precision is truly remarkable. Visualizing this interaction provides insights into how cells regulate gene expression through controlled degradation mechanisms.