Ribonucleic Acid Collection (page 9)

Flu virus particles, artwork
Flu virus particles. Computer artwork of influenza (flu) A virus particles (virions). Each virus consists of a core of RNA (ribonucleic acid) genetic material surrounded by a protein coat (pink)

Nucleolus, SEM
Nucleolus, coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM). The nucleolus is responsible for producing components of ribosomes, the cells protein-manufacturing organelles

Swine flu virus particle, artwork
Swine flu virus particle. Computer artwork of a swine influenza (flu) virus particle. At the core of the virus is RNA (ribonucleic acid, orange) genetic material

Norwalk virus contamination, artwork
Norwalk virus contamination, conceptual computer artwork. Door handle contaminated with Norwalk virus, or norovirus, particles (virions)

Ribosomal subunit, molecular model
Ribosomal subunit. Computer model showing the structure of the RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecules in a 50S (large) ribosomal sub-unit. Ribosomes are composed of protein (not seen) and RNA

Ribozyme molecule
Ribozyme. Computer model of a ribozyme molecule. Ribozymes are RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecules that catalyse certain biochemical reactions

Cytidine deaminase, molecular model
Cytidine deaminase. Computer model of the enzyme, activation-induced (cytidine) deaminase (AID). The tertiary structures of two protein complexes (purple and green)

Hammerhead ribozyme molecule
Hammerhead ribozyme, molecular model. Ribozymes are RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecules that catalyse certain biochemical reactions

Influenza virus structure, artwork
Influenza virus structure, cutaway artwork. The core of the virus is its genetic material, here 8 coloured ribbons of single-stranded RNA (ribonucleic acid)

RNA processing protein, molecular model
RNA processing protein, RNase MRP. Computer model showing the molecular structure of mitochondrial RNase MRP (mitochondrial RNA processing)

RNA-editing enzyme combined with RNA. Computer model showing the mRNA-editing enzyme, APOBEC-1 (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 1)

RNA-binding protein, molecular model
RNA-binding protein. Computer model of the RNA-binding protein ACF (APOBEC-1 complementation factor). It is thought that ACF functions as an RNA-binding subunit that docks APOBEC-1 with an RNA

Protozoan RNA-binding protein complex
RNA-binding protein complex. Computer model showing a guide RNA-binding protein complex (green and blue), bound to guide RNA (gRNA, yellow and red))

mRNA recognition by bacterial repressor. Computer model showing a bacterial protein (green and red) bound to mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid, purple and brown)

Cytosine molecule
Cytosine. Molecular model of the nucleobase cytosine (2-oxy-4-aminopyrimidine). This is a pyrimidine-derived nucleobase found in the genetic molecules DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

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"Unraveling the Secrets of Ribonucleic Acid: The Double-Stranded RNA Molecule" In the intricate world of molecular biology, ribonucleic acid (RNA) takes center stage as a vital player in various biological processes. This captivating molecule, often overshadowed by its famous cousin DNA, holds immense potential and complexity. DNA transcription sets the stage for RNA's crucial role. As a double-stranded RNA molecule unwinds, it serves as a template to synthesize single-stranded messenger RNA (mRNA), carrying genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. A mesmerizing molecular model showcases this elegant dance of transcription. Within bacterial ribosomes, another fascinating aspect unfolds. These cellular factories decode mRNA sequences into proteins through translation—a fundamental process that sustains life itself. Peering into their microscopic world reveals an awe-inspiring view of these tiny machines at work. But not all encounters with RNA are beneficial; some bring about disease-causing agents like human respiratory syncytial virus or paramyxovirus particles. Through electron microscopy, we witness their hauntingly beautiful structures—reminders of nature's delicate balance between beauty and danger. Electrophoresis techniques allow scientists to analyze and separate different types of RNAs based on size and charge—an invaluable tool in unraveling their mysteries. Such experiments reveal intriguing patterns under UV light that hint at hidden secrets within these molecules' structure and function. The realm of RNA extends beyond mere replication; it undergoes editing too. Molecular models showcase specialized enzymes responsible for altering specific nucleotides within an RNA sequence—a testament to nature's ingenuity in fine-tuning genetic information. Ribonucleases further highlight the multifaceted nature of RNAs—their ability to degrade both RNA-DNA hybrids and pure forms with precision is truly remarkable. Visualizing this interaction provides insights into how cells regulate gene expression through controlled degradation mechanisms.