Beta Sheet Collection

DNA transcription, molecular model. Secondary structure of the enzyme RNA polymerase II synthesising a mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid, lilac) strand from a DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Secondary structure of proteins, artwork
Secondary structure of proteins, computer artwork. The secondary structure is the shape taken by the strands of proteins, which are biological polymers of amino acids

HIV reverse transcription enzyme. Molecular models of the reverse transcriptase enzyme found in HIV (the human immunodeficiency virus)

Hepatitis C virus enzyme, molecular model
Hepatitis C virus enzyme. Molecular model of a genetic enzyme from the Hepatitis C virus. This enzyme is called HC-J4 RNA polymerase

Manganese superoxide dismutase enzyme F006 / 9423
Manganese superoxide dismutase enzyme, molecular model. This enzyme scavenges and decomposes the potentially toxic first reduction product, superoxide, of aerobic respiration

Argonaute protein molecule F006 / 9526
Argonaute protein, molecular model. This protein forms the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) along with a small interfering RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecule

Argonaute protein and microRNA F006 / 9752
Argonaute protein. Molecular model of human argonaute-2 protein complexed with microRNA (micro ribonucleic acid). This protein is part of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)

Immunoglobulin G antibody and egg white F006 / 9682
Immunoglobulin G and egg white. Molecular model of an immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody bound to a molecule of egg white. This is the most abundant immunoglobulin and is found in all body fluids

Cytochrome P450 complex F006 / 9669
Cytochrome P450 complex. Molecular model of a complex composed of cytochrome P450, carbon monoxide and camphor. Cytochrome molecules perform oxidation and reduction reactions for electron transport

Succinyl-CoA synthetase enzyme F006 / 9592
Succinyl-CoA synthetase bound to GTP, molecular model. Also known as succinyl coenzyme A synthetase (SCS), this enzyme catalyses the reversible reaction between succinyl-CoA and succinic acid

RNA-induced silencing complex F006 / 9586
RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), molecular model. This complex consists of a bacterial argonaute protein (top) bound to a small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecule (red and blue)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus F006 / 9556
Foot-and-mouth disease virus. Molecular model of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus (Aphtae epizooticae) protein coat (capsid)

Adenovirus penton base protein F006 / 9542
Adenovirus penton base protein, molecular model. This protein molecule is a subunit called a penton, forming the vertices of the capsid of this adenovirus

Rhinovirus 16 capsid, molecular model F006 / 9431
Rhinovirus 16 capsid, molecular model. This is human rhinovirus 16. The rhinovirus infects the upper respiratory tract and is the cause of the common cold. It is spread by coughs and sneezes

Citrate acid cycle enzyme F006 / 9305
Citrate acid cycle enzyme. Molecular model of the enzyme dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase. This enzyme is involved in the citric acid (or Krebs) cycle

Haemagglutinin viral surface protein F007 / 9932
Haemagglutinin viral surface protein. Molecular model of haemagglutinin, a surface protein from the influenza virus, complexed with a neutralising antibody

Haemagglutinin viral surface protein F007 / 9931
Haemagglutinin viral surface protein. Molecular model of haemagglutinin, a surface protein from the influenza virus, complexed with a neutralising antibody

Rubisco enzyme molecule F006 / 9776
Rubisco. Molecular model of the enzyme rubisco (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase) complexed with 2-carboxyarabinitol biphosphate

Rubisco enzyme molecule F006 / 9779
Rubisco. Molecular model of the enzyme rubisco (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase) complexed with ribulose-1, 5-biphosphate

NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase F006 / 9778
NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, molecular model. This enzyme catalyses the third step in the citric acid (or Krebs) cycle, the process by which mitochondria convert glucose to energy

Catalase, molecular model F006 / 9774
Catalase. Molecular model of catalase from a cow liver. This enzyme to water and oxygen. Hydrogen peroxide is a highly toxic byproduct of a number of normal cellular processes

Glycogen phosphorylase molecule F006 / 9775
Glycogen phosphorylase. Molecular model of glycogen phosphorylase bound to AMP (adenosine monophosphate). This is an enzyme involved in breaking down glycogen

Triose phosphate isomerase molecule F006 / 9777
Triose phosphate isomerase (TPI), molecular model. TPI is essential for glycolysis and catalyses the reversible interconversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Bacterial alpha-hemolysin toxin F006 / 9771
Bacterial alpha-hemolysin toxin, molecular model. This toxin is secreted by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. It is an example of a pore-forming toxin

Metabolic enzyme molecule F006 / 9770
Metabolic enzyme. Molecular model of the enzyme aconitase with isocitrate bound. Aconitase is involved in the citric acid (or Krebs) cycle

Dihydrofolate reductase molecule F006 / 9772
Dihydrofolate reductase, molecular model. This enzyme converts the vitamin folic acid into a coenzyme

HIV-1 protease and inhibitor F006 / 9773
HIV-1 protease and inhibitor. Molecular model of the enzyme HIV-1 protease (pink and blue ribbons) bound to an inhibitor molecule (centre)

Ribonuclease A molecule F006 / 9768
Ribonuclease A (RNAse A), molecular model. Ribonuclease (RNase) is a type of nuclease that catalyses the degradation of RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Pepsin stomach enzyme F006 / 9767
Pepsin stomach enzyme, molecular model. Pepsin is a protease enzyme that is secreted as part of gastric juice into the stomach in an inactive form known as pepsinogen

Flock house virus capsid F006 / 9755
Flock house virus capsid, molecular model. The flock house virus is a member of the Nodaviridae family. It kills the New Zealand grass grub insect

Xylose isomerase complex F006 / 9765
Xylose isomerase complex. Molecular model of the enzyme D-xylose isomerase bound to the sugar alcohol sorbitol. D-xylose isomerase is involved in fructose and mannose metabolism

H-Ras p21 oncogene protein F006 / 9766
H-Ras p21 oncogene protein, molecular model. The Ras proteins are involved in transmitting signals within cells. Excessive signalling can lead to conditions such as cancer

Phosphofructokinase bacterial enzyme F006 / 9762
Phosphofructokinase enzyme, molecular model. This enzyme, from the bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus, is involved in regulating the process of releasing energy from glucose

tRNA molecule F006 / 9764
Transfer RNA (tRNA), molecular model. tRNA (transfer ribonucleic acid) translates messenger RNA (mRNA) into a protein product

H-Ras p21 oncogene protein F006 / 9763
H-Ras p21 oncogene protein, molecular model. The Ras proteins are involved in transmitting signals within cells. Excessive signalling can lead to conditions such as cancer

Kinase inhibitor complex F006 / 9760
Kinase inhibitor complex. Molecular model of a leucettine kinase inhibitor bound to a serine threonine kinase protein

Marburg viral protein 35 and RNA F006 / 9759
Marburg viral protein 35 and RNA. Molecular model of the Marburg viral protein 35 (VP35) bound to a molecule of double stranded RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Insulin molecule F006 / 9761
Insulin molecule. Molecular model of the hormone insulin from a pig. Insulin consists of two peptide chains, A and B, which are linked by disulphide bridges

Eye lens protein molecule F006 / 9758
Eye lens protein. Molecular model of gammaB-crystallin, a protein found in the lens of the eye. The regular arrangement of the protein in the lens is thought to be responsible for its transparency

Methionine aminopeptidase molecule F006 / 9756
Methionine aminopeptidase, molecular model. This enzyme removes the amino acid methionine from proteins

Hepatitis C glycoprotein and antibody F006 / 9757
Hepatitis C glycoprotein and antibody. Molecular model of the E2 envelope glycoprotein from the hepatitis C virus bound to a neutralising antibody

Malignant brain-tumor-like protein F006 / 9754
Malignant brain-tumour-like protein. Molecular model of the human lethal(3) malignant brain-tumour-like protein (Malignant brain-tumour-like protein (L3MBTL3)

Guanine-responsive riboswitch F006 / 9753
Guanine-responsive riboswitch, molecular model. This protein regulates gene expression by binding to the nucleotide guanine to switch off transcription

UV-damaged DNA-binding protein and DNA F006 / 9750
UV-damaged DNA-binding protein and DNA. Molecular model of UV-damaged DNA-binding protein (UV-DDB) complexed with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, red and blue)

Plexin signal transduction molecule F006 / 9751
Plexin signal transduction molecule. Molecular model of plexin-A4 a signal transduction protein that is involved in neural maintenance and regeneration

Multidrug efflux pump molecule F006 / 9748
Multidrug efflux pump. Molecular model of the multidrug efflux pump AcrB from the bacterium Escherichia coli transporting two doxorubicin molecules

RNA triplet repeat expansion F006 / 9749
RNA triplet repeat expansion. Molecular model of a CUG triplet repeat expansion in a molecule of double stranded RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Flu virus surface protein and drug F006 / 9745
Flu virus surface protein and drug. Molecular model of the neuraminidase glycoprotein enzyme from on the surface of the influenza A (flu) virus bound to the drug zanamivir

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The beta sheet, a crucial element in the world of molecular biology and protein structure, plays a significant role in various biological processes. From DNA transcription to HIV reverse transcription enzyme, this secondary structure of proteins is an intricate masterpiece. In the realm of DNA transcription, the beta sheet takes center stage as it assists in unraveling genetic information. Its molecular model showcases its complexity and elegance, resembling an artistic creation that captivates scientists worldwide. Not only does the beta sheet contribute to DNA transcription, but it also plays a vital role in combating diseases. The Hepatitis C virus enzyme's molecular model reveals how this secondary structure aids in understanding and potentially treating this infectious disease. Another remarkable example lies within Manganese superoxide dismutase enzyme F006 / 9423. This intricate arrangement highlights how the beta sheet contributes to antioxidant defense mechanisms within our bodies. Moreover, Argonaute protein molecule F006 / 9526 demonstrates how the beta sheet collaborates with microRNA to regulate gene expression. This interaction holds immense potential for therapeutic interventions targeting various diseases. Immunoglobulin G antibody and egg white F006 / 9682 showcase yet another fascinating aspect of the beta sheet's versatility. Here we witness its involvement in immune responses against foreign substances present within our bodies. Furthermore, Cytochrome P450 complex F006 / 9669 illustrates how this secondary structure enables drug metabolism and detoxification processes essential for maintaining human health. Succinyl-CoA synthetase enzyme F006 / 9592 emphasizes another critical function of the beta sheet: energy production through cellular respiration pathways. Its presence ensures efficient conversion of succinyl-CoA into ATP molecules necessary for sustaining life processes. Additionally, RNA-induced silencing complex F006 / 9586 unveils how the beta sheet participates in gene regulation by suppressing specific mRNA molecules through small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).