Beta Sheet Collection (page 6)

Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme molecule F006 / 9538
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), molecular model. This enzyme converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA for use in the citric acid (or Krebs) cycle

Elongation factor Tu and tRNA F006 / 9522
Elongation factor Tu bound to tRNA (transfer ribonucleic acid), molecular model. This enzyme is involved in the elongation of polypeptide chains during translation

Fish antifreeze protein F006 / 9539
Fish antifreeze protein. Molecular model of a fish antifreeze protein (AFP) from the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)

Bacteriophage ATPase molecule F006 / 9536
Bacteriophage ATPase. Molecular model of an ATP synthase (ATPase) molecule from the phi 12 bacteriophage. ATPase is an important enzyme that provides energy for cells through the synthesis of

Molecular motor protein F006 / 9537
Molecular motor protein. Molecular model of a two-headed motor protein, Myosin V. Motor proteins convert chemical energy into mechanical movements in response to specific chemical stimuli

Cytochrome b6f complex, molecular model F006 / 9533
Cytochrome b6f complex, molecular model. Cytochrome molecules perform oxidation and reduction reactions for electron transport

Glycosylation enzyme molecule F006 / 9535
Glycosylation enzyme. Molecular model of the enzyme N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase. This intracellular enzyme adds N-acetylglucosamine molecules to target proteins

TATA box-binding protein complex F006 / 9534
TATA box-binding protein complex. Molecular model showing a yeast TATA box-binding protein (TBP) complexed with a strand of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, red and blue) and transcription factor IIB

Transcription factor and ribosomal RNA F006 / 9530
Transcription factor and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Molecular model showing the 6 zinc fingers of transcription factor IIIA (yellow) bound to RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Bacteriophage restriction enzyme F006 / 9531
Bacteriophage restriction enzyme. Molecular model of the restriction enzyme endonuclease V (yellow) from the bacteriophage T4 complexed with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, red and blue)

Squalene-hopene cyclase molecule F006 / 9529
Squalene-hopene cyclase, molecular model. This bacterial enzyme catalyses the cyclization of squalene to hopene

Self-splicing RNA intron, molecular model F006 / 9527
Self-splicing RNA intron, molecular model. Splicing is the process where a non-coding fragment (intron) of a strand of nucleic acid (DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; or RNA, ribonucleic acid) is removed

Ubiquitin molecule F006 / 9528
Ubiquitin, molecular model. Ubiquitin is found in all eukaryotic cells. When a protein is damaged or old it will be tagged by several ubiquitin molecules

Cobra venom molecule F006 / 9524
Cobra venom. Molecular model of toxin b, a long neurotoxin from a king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah)

Tumour suppressor protein with DNA F006 / 9523
Tumour suppressor protein. Molecular model of the tumour suppressor protein p53 (beige) bound to a molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, red and blue)

Tarantula toxin molecule F006 / 9525
Tarantula toxin. Molecular model of a peptide toxin from the tarantula Grammostola spatulata. This toxin works by inhibiting mechanosensitive ion channels

Nitric oxide synthase molecule F006 / 9521
Nitric oxide synthase, molecular model. This enzyme catalyses the production of nitric oxide from L-arginine. Nitric oxide is involved in cellular signalling

LAC repressor molecule F006 / 9520
LAC repressor. Molecular model of a LAC (lactose) repressor molecule. The LAC repressor inhibits the expression of genes that code for an enzyme which metabolizes lactose in bacteria

SV40 virus capsid, molecular model F006 / 9508
SV40 virus capsid, molecular model. Simian virus 40 (SV40) is found in monkeys such as Rhesus monkeys and macaques. Potentially tumour-causing, it is used in laboratory research and in vaccines

Carbonic anhydrase molecule F006 / 9518
Carbonic anhydrase, molecular model. This enzyme catalyses the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide

Reverse transcriptase and inhibitor F006 / 9519
Reverse transcriptase and inhibitor. Molecular model of HIV reverse transcriptase complexed with a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug

Transducin protein beta-gamma complex F006 / 9514
Transducin protein beta-gamma complex. Molecular model of the beta-gamma dimer of the heterotrimeric G protein transducin

Trypsinogen molecule with inhibitor F006 / 9517
Trypsinogen molecule. Molecular model of trypsinogen, the precursor to the digestive protease enzyme trypsin, complexed with an inhibitor

Transcription factor and ribosomal RNA F006 / 9516
Transcription factor and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Molecular model showing the 6 zinc fingers of transcription factor IIIA (yellow) bound to RNA (ribonucleic acid)

T cell receptor, molecular model F006 / 9515
T cell receptor. Molecular model of an alpha T cell receptor. T cell receptors are protein complexes found on the surface of a type of white blood cell called T lymphocytes (or T cells)

DNA polymerase with DNA F006 / 9512
DNA polymerase with DNA. Molecular model of DNA polymerase (purple) complexed with a molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, pink and blue)

DNA helicase molecule F006 / 9509
DNA helicase. Molecular model of a helicase molecule from the SV40 virus. Helicases are enzymes that separate the two strands of the DNA double helix

Simian virus SV40 large T antigen F006 / 9513
Simian virus (SV40) large T antigen, molecular model. This antigen is from the simian vacuolating virus 40 (SV40). Large T antigens play a role in regulating the viral life cycle of

Transcription activation of IFN-beta gene F006 / 9510
Transcription activation of IFN-beta gene. Molecular model of an enhanceosome containing the transcription factors IRF-3, ATF-2 and c-Jun bound to the interferon-beta (IFN-beta)

Type IV collagen, molecular model F006 / 9511
Type IV collagen, molecular model. Collagen is a long structural protein, formed from amino acids that make up polypeptide strands that twist around each other

Calcium ATPase ion pump F006 / 9507
Calcium ATPase ion pump, molecular model. This enzyme is found in muscle cell membranes, where it pumps calcium in and out of muscle cells and controls muscle contractions

Scavenger mRNA-decapping enzyme F006 / 9505
Scavenger mRNA-decapping enzyme, molecular model. This enzyme hydrolyses the cap that is left after 3 to 5 mRNA degradation

Parvovirus particle, molecular model F006 / 9499
Parvovirus particle. Molecular model showing the structure of the capsid (outer protein coat) of a human parvovirus (family Parvoviridae) particle

Staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 molecule F006 / 9506
Staphylococcal enterotoxin C2. Molecular model of the C2 enterotoxin from the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus

Aquaporin membrane protein F006 / 9503
Aquaporin membrane protein, molecular model. Aquaporins are membrane proteins that form channels (lower right) that help water molecules pass in and out of cells

Yeast enzyme, molecular model F006 / 9498
Yeast enzyme. Molecular model of an enzyme from bakers yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). This is the 20S proteasome. A proteasome is a complex type of proteinase (protein-digesting enzyme)

SARS virus capsid protein F006 / 9504
SARS virus capsid protein, molecular model. This protein is responsible for binding the capsid (outer coat) of the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)

RNA-induced silencing complex F006 / 9502
RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), molecular model. This complex consists of a bacterial argonaute protein bound to a small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecule (red and blue)

Photosystem II molecule F006 / 9500
Photosystem II. Molecular model of the photosystem II complex. Photosystems are protein complexes involved in photosynthesis

Photosystem II molecule F006 / 9497
Photosystem II. Molecular model of the photosystem II complex. Photosystems are protein complexes involved in photosynthesis

Nerve growth factor bound to receptor F006 / 9501
Nerve growth factor bound to receptor. Molecular model of nerve growth factor (NGF) bound to the p75 neurotrophin receptor. NGF is a neurotrophin that acts on the development and function of nerves

Rhinovirus capsid, molecular model F006 / 9490
Rhinovirus capsid, molecular model. This is human rhinovirus. The rhinovirus infects the upper respiratory tract and is the cause of the common cold. It is spread by coughs and sneezes

H1 antigen from 1918 influenza virus F006 / 9495
H1 antigen from 1918 influenza virus

HIV reverse transcription enzyme F006 / 9494
HIV reverse transcription enzyme. Molecular model of the reverse transcriptase enzyme (blue and green) found in HIV (the human immunodeficiency virus)

EcoRV restriction enzyme molecule F006 / 9496
EcoRV restriction enzyme. Molecular model of the type II restriction enzyme EcoRV (pink and yellow) bound to a cleaved section of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, red and blue)

Rubisco enzyme molecule F006 / 9491
Rubisco. Molecular model of the enzyme rubisco (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase). Rubisco is thought to be the most abundant and important protein found in nature

Hammerhead ribozyme molecule F006 / 9492
Hammerhead ribozyme, molecular model. Ribozymes are RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecules that catalyse certain biochemical reactions

Murine p97 protein molecule F006 / 9487
Murine p97 protein, molecular model. This mouse enzyme, is involved in membrane fusion and ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation

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The beta sheet, a crucial element in the world of molecular biology and protein structure, plays a significant role in various biological processes. From DNA transcription to HIV reverse transcription enzyme, this secondary structure of proteins is an intricate masterpiece. In the realm of DNA transcription, the beta sheet takes center stage as it assists in unraveling genetic information. Its molecular model showcases its complexity and elegance, resembling an artistic creation that captivates scientists worldwide. Not only does the beta sheet contribute to DNA transcription, but it also plays a vital role in combating diseases. The Hepatitis C virus enzyme's molecular model reveals how this secondary structure aids in understanding and potentially treating this infectious disease. Another remarkable example lies within Manganese superoxide dismutase enzyme F006 / 9423. This intricate arrangement highlights how the beta sheet contributes to antioxidant defense mechanisms within our bodies. Moreover, Argonaute protein molecule F006 / 9526 demonstrates how the beta sheet collaborates with microRNA to regulate gene expression. This interaction holds immense potential for therapeutic interventions targeting various diseases. Immunoglobulin G antibody and egg white F006 / 9682 showcase yet another fascinating aspect of the beta sheet's versatility. Here we witness its involvement in immune responses against foreign substances present within our bodies. Furthermore, Cytochrome P450 complex F006 / 9669 illustrates how this secondary structure enables drug metabolism and detoxification processes essential for maintaining human health. Succinyl-CoA synthetase enzyme F006 / 9592 emphasizes another critical function of the beta sheet: energy production through cellular respiration pathways. Its presence ensures efficient conversion of succinyl-CoA into ATP molecules necessary for sustaining life processes. Additionally, RNA-induced silencing complex F006 / 9586 unveils how the beta sheet participates in gene regulation by suppressing specific mRNA molecules through small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).